PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of China			Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian Subages	Central Paratethys Stages
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian														Pannonian	7.246
		Serravallian														Sarmatian	11.63
		Serravallian														Badenian	12.8 *
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian										33.9
		Bartonian					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan										37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian						Bumbanian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Gashatan										56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian															254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian															259.51
		Wordian															264.28
		Roadian															266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
		Artinskian															283.5
		Sakmarian															290.1
		Asselian															293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian												Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian												Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian												Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian												Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean												Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian												Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			Late Famennian		358.9
															Middle Famennian		365.3 *
															Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	Late Frasnian	372.2
				Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
				Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Late Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian	383.7 *
					Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian	Southwoodian		Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Southwoodian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †		Wufeng †	Chientangkiangian	445.2
						Kralodvorian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang		449.5
						Berounian					449.7 *
		Sandbian									453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
						Dobrotivian							458.5 *
						Oretanian							459.7 *
							Sarka †						461.7 *
							Sarka †		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †	Dapingian					467.3
		Dapingian				Arenigian		Dapingian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian		Yiyangian					470
		Tremadocian				Tremadocian		Xinchangian					477.7
		Tremadocian				Tremadocian		Xinchangian		Lianghekou †			477.9 *
																	485.4