PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Devonian Subages	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian								0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Yushean								2.58
				Zanclean					Yushean								3.6
				Zanclean					Baodean								4.9
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian					Tunggurian								11.1
				Serravallian					Tunggurian								11.63
				Langhian					Shanwangian								13.82
				Burdigalian					Shanwangian								15.98
				Burdigalian					Xiejiaan								16.9
				Aquitanian					Xiejiaan								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian							Epizigzagiceras						168.2
				Bajocian							Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
				Aalenian							Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
											Planulata						179.3 *
											Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
											Kanense						181.3 *
											Carlottense						182.3 *
											Kunae						183.5 *
				Pliensbachian							Kunae						184.2
											Freboldi						185.1 *
											Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras					186.2 *
												Tetraspidoceras					189.2 *
											Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis					190.3 *
				Sinemurian													192.9
											Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras				196.4 *
											Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
				Hettangian							Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
Early Triassic			Olenekian	247.2
Early Triassic			Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
				Middle Famennian		365.3 *
				Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian	Late Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
				Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
				Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian		383.7 *
				Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	443.8
			Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian				Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian						453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †				456.2 *
								Liben †						458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
							Dobrotivian							458.5 *
							Oretanian							459.7 *
								Sarka †						461.7 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †						467.3
			Dapingian				Arenigian							468
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian							470
			Tremadocian				Tremadocian					477.7
			Tremadocian				Tremadocian					Mansian †		483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian								Batyrbaian			489.5
											Aksaian			490.7 *
											Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian											494
			Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Ayusokkanian			497
Mayan/Menevian			Guzhangian								499.5
Mayan/Menevian			Drumian								500.5
Wuliuan			Amgan/Solvan								504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan								509
			Toyonian								Lenian †	510 *
			Botomian									512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian									514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian									515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian									521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian									525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian								Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian													Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian													Burzyan	1375
																	1400