PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Central Paratethys Stages	Precambrian of Russia	Devonian of Germany	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	European Faunal Units	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Nihewanian	0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Villanyian	Yushean	2.58
				Piacenzian									Ruscinian		3.1 *
				Zanclean											3.6
				Zanclean										Baodean	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian									Turolian		5.333
				Tortonian					Pannonian				Turolian		7.246
													Vallesian		8.7
													Vallesian	Tunggurian	11.1
				Serravallian					Sarmatian				Astaracian		11.63
				Serravallian					Badenian						12.8 *
				Langhian										Shanwangian	13.82
				Burdigalian									Orleanian	Shanwangian	15.98
													Orleanian	Xiejiaan	16.9
													Agenian		20
				Aquitanian									Agenian		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								Vokhmian			247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan								Vokhmian			251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			259.51
				Wordian								Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
				Roadian								Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
Artinskian				283.5
Sakmarian				290.1
Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian	443.8
			Katian		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian		Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian				453
							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
					Dobrotivian				458.5 *
					Oretanian				459.7 *
						Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian			Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian		Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian							Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian						Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan						Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan						Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4						Dyeran		511 *
			Stage 3						Dyeran		514
									Montezuman		514.8 *
									Begadean		519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian				538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian								Karatau				800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau				1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian				1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian				1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan				1375
															1400