PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Central Paratethys Stages	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	South American Land Mammal Ages		Devonian of Eastern North America		Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Lujanian					0.0117
				Chibanian							Lujanian					0.129
				Chibanian							Ensenadan					0.3 *
				Calabrian							Ensenadan					0.774
				Calabrian							Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
				Gelasian							Sanandresian					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Vorohuean					2.58
				Piacenzian							Chapadmalalan					2.9 *
				Zanclean							Chapadmalalan					3.6
											Montehermosan					3.7 *
											Huayquerian					4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian					Pannonian							7.246
											Chasicoan					7.9 *
											Mayoan					9.9 *
											Laventan					10.9 *
				Serravallian					Sarmatian							11.63
									Badenian							12.8 *
									Badenian		Colloncuran					13.7 *
				Langhian							Colloncuran					13.82
				Langhian							Friasian					15.4 *
				Burdigalian							Friasian					15.98
											Santacrucian					16.2 *
											Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
				Aquitanian							Colhuehuapian					20.44
				Aquitanian							Deseadan					20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
				Rupelian												27.82
				Rupelian							Tinguirirican					28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian							Tinguirirican					33.9
				Priabonian							Divisaderan					35.9 *
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Lutetian							Mustersan					41.9 *
				Ypresian							Mustersan					47.8
				Ypresian							Casamayoran					47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Riochican					56
											Itaboraian					56.9 *
											Peligran					58.9 *
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
				Danian							Tiupampan					62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian	Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian	Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian	Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian	Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian	Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian	Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Chesterian	330.9
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec		Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian	443.8
			Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian								453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
									Dobrotivian				458.5 *
									Oretanian				459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian							Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian						Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
			Jiangshanian										489.5
			Paibian										494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										497
			Drumian										500.5
			Wuliuan										504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4										509
		Series 2	Stage 3										514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																1400