PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127456 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Mammal Paleogene Zones		Permian Subages of Germany	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America					Permian of the Pamirs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																		0
				Northgrippian																		0.0042
				Greenlandian																		0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
				Chibanian																		0.129
				Calabrian																		0.774
				Gelasian																		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †									2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
				Tortonian																		7.246
				Serravallian																		11.63
				Langhian																		13.82
				Burdigalian																		15.98
				Aquitanian																		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A													33.9
				Bartonian					MP 16													37.71
				Lutetian					MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11													41.2
				Ypresian					MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					MP 6	MP 1 - 5												56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
				Campanian																		72.1
				Santonian																		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
				Aptian																		113
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian																		125.77
				Valanginian																		132.6
				Berriasian																		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
				Kimmeridgian																		149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian																		165.3
				Bajocian																		168.2
				Aalenian																		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
				Pliensbachian																		184.2
				Sinemurian																		192.9
				Hettangian																		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
				Norian																		208.5
				Carnian																		227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Buntsandstein										Dorashamian	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Buntsandstein			Longtanian †							Dzhulfian	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Ohre/Aller										Midian	259.51
				Wordian							Leine										Midian	264.28
				Wordian							Leine										Murgabian	266.2 *
				Roadian																	Murgabian	266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																	Kubergandian	273.01
				Kungurian																	Bolorian	279.8
				Artinskian																	Bolorian	283.5
				Artinskian																	Yakhtashian	286
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
Asselian				Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian		Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian			Kralodvorian		Gamachian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Kralodvorian		Richmondian		446 *
						Berounian		Richmondian		449.7 *
								Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian		449.8 *
								Edenian				450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
			Sandbian					Chatfieldian				453
								Turinian				453.7 *
								Turinian				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †		456.2 *
							Whiterockian			Canadian †		Zahorany †/Vinice			Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Liben †							458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
						Dobrotivian										458.5 *
						Oretanian										459.7 *
									Sarka †							461.7 *
			Dapingian						Klabava †							467.3
						Arenigian										468
								Rangerian								469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian							Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian					Tulean									473.9 *
			Tremadocian			Tremadocian		Tulean									477.7
								Stairsian									480.3 *
								Skullrockian								Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Skullrockian									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10															Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian															Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian															Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian															Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian														Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
	Drumian		500.5															Marjumian
	Wuliuan		Stage 5 †											Topazan				504.5
	Wuliuan		Stage 5 †											Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Delamaran				Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4												Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3									514			Dyeran
											Montezuman			514.8 *
											Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																		538.8
		Cryogenian																		635
		Tonian		720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		1000
		Ectasian		1200
		Calymmian		1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian		1600
		Orosirian		1800
		Rhyacian		2050
		Siderian		2300
Archean	Neoarchean			2500
	Mesoarchean			2800
	Paleoarchean			3200
	Eoarchean			3600
Hadean				4000
																						4600