PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				European Faunal Zones	Central Paratethys Stages	Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Calabrian										0.774
				Gelasian					MN 17					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					MN 16					2.58
				Piacenzian					MN 15					3.2
				Zanclean					MN 15					3.6
									MN 14					4.2
									MN 13					4.9
			Miocene	Messinian					MN 13					5.333
				Tortonian					MN 12	Pannonian				7.246
									MN 11					7.75
									MN 10					8.7
									MN 9					9.7
									MN 7 + 8					11.1
				Serravallian					MN 7 + 8	Sarmatian				11.63
				Serravallian					MN 6	Badenian				12.8 *
				Langhian					MN 5					13.82
				Burdigalian					MN 4					15.98
									MN 3					16.9
									MN 2					20
				Aquitanian					MN 2					20.44
				Aquitanian					MN 1					22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Senonian	66
				Campanian							Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
				Santonian							Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
				Coniacian							Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
				Turonian							Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
				Cenomanian							Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Late Albian		Gallic	100.5
											Middle Albian			106.2 *
											Early Albian			109.9 *
				Aptian							Late Aptian			113
				Aptian							Early Aptian			119.5 *
				Barremian							Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
				Hauterivian							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		Neocomian	125.77
				Valanginian							Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
				Berriasian							Late Berriasian			139.8
											Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
											Early Berriasian			142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
				Tithonian							Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian							Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
				Kimmeridgian							Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
				Oxfordian							Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
				Oxfordian								Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
				Bathonian							Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
				Bajocian							Late Bajocian			168.2
				Bajocian							Early Bajocian			168.6 *
				Aalenian							Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Late Toarcian			174.7
Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
Early Toarcian					182.9 *
Pliensbachian				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	184.2
Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
Hettangian				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian	Sevatian	208.5
				Alaunian	213.2 *
				Lacian	216.7 *
			Carnian	Tuvalian	227
			Carnian	Julian	233.4 *
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian	237
			Ladinian	Fassanian	239.7 *
			Anisian	Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian	247.2
			Olenekian	Smithian	248.9 *
			Induan	Dienerian	251.2
				Griesbachian	251.4 *
				Griesbachian	Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai	251.902
						252.4 *
					Chhidru	252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian		Chhidru	254.14
					Kalabagh	255 *
					Wargal	256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian			264.28
						265.3 *
					Amb	266.1 *
			Roadian		Amb	266.9
			Roadian			270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian			283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	443.8
			Katian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian			Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian					453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
						Dobrotivian				458.5 *
						Oretanian				459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian				Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian			Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian								Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian							Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan							Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan							Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4							Dyeran		511 *
			Stage 3							Dyeran		514
Montezuman				514.8 *
Begadean				519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										1000
		Ectasian										1200
		Calymmian										1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian										1600
		Orosirian			1800
		Rhyacian			2050
		Siderian			2300
Archean	Neoarchean				2500
	Mesoarchean				2800
	Paleoarchean				3200
	Eoarchean				3600
Hadean					4000
														4600