PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				European Faunal Units	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of North America		Devonian Subages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		European Faunal Zones	Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian													MN 17		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Villanyian								MN 16		2.58
									Ruscinian								MN 16		3.1 *
																	MN 15		3.2
				Zanclean													MN 15		3.6
																	MN 14		4.2
																	MN 13		4.9
			Miocene	Messinian					Turolian								MN 13		5.333
				Tortonian													MN 12		7.246
																	MN 11		7.75
									Vallesian								MN 10		8.7
																	MN 9		9.7
																	MN 7 + 8		11.1
				Serravallian					Astaracian								MN 7 + 8		11.63
				Serravallian													MN 6		12.8 *
				Langhian													MN 5		13.82
				Burdigalian					Orleanian								MN 4		15.98
									Orleanian								MN 3		16.9
									Agenian								MN 2		20
				Aquitanian													MN 2		20.44
				Aquitanian													MN 1		22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
				Bartonian											Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian												Bumbanian			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Gashatan				56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														Zechstein	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Capitanian						Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian								Wordian							264.28
Roadian				Roadian	266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian		Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian		Hessian	Autunian	283.5
			Artinskian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
			Sakmarian		Lenoxian		290.1
			Asselian		Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian	358.9
							Middle Famennian	365.3 *
							Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian				Late Frasnian	372.2
							Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
							Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian	383.7 *
							Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian				Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian				Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
			Telychian					Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian		443.8
			Katian					Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian					Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian								453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
								Dobrotivian					458.5 *
								Oretanian					459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian							Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian					Arenigian					468
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						509
	Series 2	Stage 3						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran		Wonokan †	571.7 *									Vendian †		Vendian
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian				Karatau								800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau								1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian								1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian								1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan								1375
																			1400