PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian Epochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Australia	Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian							Pannonian							7.246
		Serravallian							Sarmatian							11.63
		Serravallian							Badenian							12.8 *
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Senonian		66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												Gallic		100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian												Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
		Induan														251.2
		Induan						Kathwai								251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Kathwai					Melekhovian			251.902
																252.4 *
								Chhidru								252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian						Chhidru			Zechstein					254.14
								Kalabagh								255 *
								Wargal								256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Rotliegendes					259.51
		Wordian														264.28
													Noginskian			264.9 *
																265.3 *
								Amb								266.1 *
		Roadian						Amb								266.9
		Roadian														270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
		Kungurian											Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
		Artinskian									Autunian		Pavlovoposadian			283.5
		Artinskian											Rusavkinian			287.6 *
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian	303.7
				Khamovnikian	304.8
				Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian		Myachkovian	307
				Podolskian	308.9 *
				Kashirian	311.4 *
				Vereian	313.8
				Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian	315.2
				Cheremshanian	316.9 *
				Prikamian	318.6 *
				Severokeltmian	319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
				Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian	323.2
				Protvian	324.4 *
				Steshevian	326.8 *
				Tarusian	329 *
		Visean		Venevian	330.9
				Mikhailovian	331.9 *
				Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †		Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc			Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
					Berounian				Streffordian		449.7 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †			455.2 *
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Aurelucian				456.8 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
							Liben †	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
			Dobrotivian		458.5 *
			Oretanian		459.7 *
					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
							Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †					467.3
			Arenigian									468
					Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian						470
						Whitlandian						471.1 *
						Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
						Tremadoc	Cressagian					480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Late Cambrian	Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10											Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian											Iverian	489.5
		Paibian											Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Middle Cambrian	Mindyallan	497
													Mindyallan	Arcadian	498.4
													Boomerangian		499
		Drumian											Undillan		500.5
		Drumian											Floran		503
		Wuliuan											Templetonian		504.5
		Wuliuan											Ordian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4										Early Cambrian	Ordian	Branchian	509
		Stage 4													510.8 *
		Stage 3													514
		Stage 3												Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																538.8