PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous of North America	Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene			0.0117
				Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene			0.129
				Calabrian											Early Pleistocene			0.774
				Gelasian											Early Pleistocene			1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Late Pliocene			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											Early Pliocene			3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene			5.333
				Tortonian							Pannonian				Late Miocene			7.246
				Serravallian							Sarmatian				Middle Miocene			11.63
				Serravallian							Badenian							12.8 *
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian											Early Miocene			15.98
				Aquitanian											Early Miocene			20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Late Oligocene			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											Early Oligocene			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											Late Eocene			33.9
				Bartonian											Middle Eocene			37.71
				Lutetian											Middle Eocene			41.2
				Ypresian											Early Eocene			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Late Paleocene			56
				Selandian											Middle Paleocene			59.2
				Danian											Early Paleocene			61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan								150
										Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Callovian						Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian						Ururoan								184.2
				Pliensbachian						Aratauran								188.9
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian						Warepan								208.5
										Otamitan								217
										Oretian								221
				Carnian						Oretian								227
				Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian						Etalian								238
				Anisian						Etalian								242
				Anisian						Malakovian								246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian								247.2
				Olenekian						Nelsonian								249
				Induan						Nelsonian								251.2
				Induan					DUrville	Makarewan								251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902						Makarewan
			Changhsingian	Waiitian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian	Waiitian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian	Puruhauan	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian		Flettian	Wordian	264.28
			Wordian		Barettian	Wordian	266
			Roadian			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
					Mangapirian		Cathedralian	276
							Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian					283.5
					Telfordian			285
					Telfordian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
								288.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian				Bursumian †	Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian			298.9
			Kasimovian			Missourian			303.7
			Kasimovian			Desmoinesian			305.9 *
			Moscovian			Desmoinesian			307
			Moscovian			Atokan			312.7 *
			Bashkirian			Atokan			315.2
			Bashkirian			Morrowan			318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian			323.2
			Visean			Chesterian			330.9
						Meramecian			335.8 *
						Osagean			343.1 *
			Tournaisian			Osagean			346.7
			Tournaisian			Kinderhookian			351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Kosovian	443.8
			Katian							Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian							Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian									453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
										Dobrotivian				458.5 *
										Oretanian				459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian								Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian							Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian							Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
			Jiangshanian											489.5
			Paibian											494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian											497
Drumian			500.5
Wuliuan			504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	509
Series 2		Stage 3	514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635