PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian of Western Europe	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of China
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
		Bartonian												Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian													Bumbanian			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Gashatan				56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan										145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan										150
								Heterian										154.5
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan										164.3
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan										176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan										184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran										188.9
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian										201.4
		Norian						Warepan										208.5
								Otamitan										217
								Oretian										221
		Carnian						Oretian										227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan										227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan										237
		Ladinian						Etalian										238
		Anisian						Etalian										242
		Anisian						Malakovian										246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian		Vokhmian								247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian										249
		Induan						Nelsonian										251.2
		Induan					DUrville	Makarewan										251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Makarewan										251.902
		Changhsingian						Waiitian										253.2
		Wuchiapingian						Waiitian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			Zechstein					254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Puruhauan		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			Zechstein					254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Aparima	Flettian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			Rotliegendes					259.51
		Wordian						Flettian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian								264.28
		Wordian						Barettian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian								266
		Roadian								Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
		Kungurian						Mangapirian										276
		Artinskian						Mangapirian					Autunian					283.5
								Telfordian										285
																		288.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian			Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian			Bohdalec †			Wufeng †	Chientangkiangian	445.2
						Kralodvorian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang		449.5
						Berounian								449.7 *
		Sandbian												453
														Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †							458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
						Dobrotivian										458.5 *
						Oretanian										459.7 *
									Sarka †							461.7 *
									Sarka †			Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †		Dapingian					467.3
		Dapingian				Arenigian					Dapingian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian					Yiyangian					470
		Tremadocian				Tremadocian					Ungurian					Xinchangian	477.7
		Tremadocian				Tremadocian					Ungurian		Lianghekou †			Xinchangian	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Batyrbaian						485.4
		Jiangshanian									Batyrbaian						489.5
											Aksaian						490.7 *
											Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian									Sakian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian															499.5
		Drumian									Zhanaarykian						500.5
		Drumian									Tuesaian						503
		Wuliuan									Tuesaian						504.5
		Wuliuan															505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4															509
											Toyonian						510 *
											Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3									Botomian						514
		Stage 3									Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Tommotian						521
																		525.5