PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of Britain		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of China	European Faunal Zones	Permian Subages of Germany	Cenozoic Subepochs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian	0.0117
				Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene		0.129
				Calabrian												Early Pleistocene		0.774
				Gelasian										MN 17		Early Pleistocene		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										MN 16		Late Pliocene	Yushean	2.58
				Piacenzian										MN 15		Late Pliocene		3.2
				Zanclean										MN 15		Early Pliocene		3.6
														MN 14				4.2
														MN 13			Baodean	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian										MN 13		Late Miocene		5.333
				Tortonian										MN 12				7.246
														MN 11				7.75
														MN 10				8.7
														MN 9				9.7
														MN 7 + 8			Tunggurian	11.1
				Serravallian										MN 7 + 8		Middle Miocene		11.63
				Serravallian										MN 6				12.8 *
				Langhian										MN 5			Shanwangian	13.82
				Burdigalian										MN 4		Early Miocene	Shanwangian	15.98
														MN 3			Xiejiaan	16.9
														MN 2				20
				Aquitanian										MN 2				20.44
				Aquitanian										MN 1				22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Late Oligocene		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												Early Oligocene		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												Late Eocene		33.9
				Bartonian												Middle Eocene		37.71
				Lutetian												Middle Eocene		41.2
				Ypresian												Early Eocene		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Late Paleocene		56
				Selandian												Middle Paleocene		59.2
				Danian												Early Paleocene		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Meishanian		Buntsandstein			251.902
				Changhsingian									Baoqingian					253.4 *
Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian	254.14
Wuchiapingian				Laibinian	257.7 *
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Lengwuan	Ohre/Aller	259.51
			Wordian	Kuhfengian	Leine	264.28
			Roadian	Kuhfengian		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Luodianian		273.01
			Artinskian	Luodianian		283.5
			Artinskian	Longlinian		285.4 *
			Sakmarian	Longlinian		290.1
			Asselian	Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian		298.9
			Gzhelian			300.1
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	443.8
			Katian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian			Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian					453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
						Dobrotivian				458.5 *
						Oretanian				459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian				Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian			Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
											Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Sunwaptan	487.5
											Festiniogian			489.2 *
			Jiangshanian											489.5
													Steptoean	493 *
											Maentwrogian			493.1 *
			Paibian								Maentwrogian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							St Davids		Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian									Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan									Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan									Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							Caerfai		Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4									Dyeran		511 *
			Stage 3									Dyeran		514
												Montezuman		514.8 *
	Begadean											519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †			571.7 *
																		635