PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128010 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of North America		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of North America
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
		Bartonian																	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Lutetian																				41.2
		Ypresian																		Bumbanian		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	Gashatan			56
		Selandian																				59.2
		Danian																				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																				66
		Campanian																				72.1
		Santonian																				83.6
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
		Cenomanian																				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																				100.5
		Aptian																				113
		Barremian																				121.4
		Hauterivian																				125.77
		Valanginian																				132.6
		Berriasian																				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																				145
		Kimmeridgian																				149.2
		Oxfordian																				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
		Bathonian																				165.3
		Bajocian							Epizigzagiceras													168.2
		Bajocian							Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense													168.4
		Aalenian							Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta													174.7
									Planulata													179.3 *
									Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi											179.8 *
									Kanense													181.3 *
									Carlottense													182.3 *
									Kunae													183.5 *
		Pliensbachian							Kunae													184.2
									Freboldi													185.1 *
									Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras												186.2 *
										Tetraspidoceras												189.2 *
									Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis												190.3 *
		Sinemurian																				192.9
									Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras											196.4 *
									Franziceras/Euphyllites													196.5 *
		Hettangian							Franziceras/Euphyllites													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																				201.4
		Norian																				208.5
		Carnian																				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																				259.51
		Wordian																				264.28
		Roadian																				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																				273.01
		Artinskian																				283.5
		Sakmarian																				290.1
		Asselian																			Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																			Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian																			Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian																			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian																			Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian	Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian	Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
		Visean	Chesterian	330.9
			Meramecian	335.8 *
			Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
		Pragian		Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian		Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani		433.4
		Telychian		Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian			Harju	Porkuni				443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †				Pirgu	445.2
				Kralodvorian								Vormsi	449.6 *
				Berounian								Vormsi	449.7 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru					Rakvere		450.6 *
												Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †	453
												Haljala		453.9
												Haljala		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Kukruse				456.4 *
										Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
								Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
				Dobrotivian					458.5 *
				Dobrotivian					Lasnamagi	458.9 *
				Oretanian					Lasnamagi	459.7 *
									Aseri	460.4 *
								Sarka †	Aseri		461.7 *
							Oeland		Kunda		462.9 *
									Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †						467.3
				Arenigian										468
									Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian												470
											Latorp †			470.1 *
									Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadocian					Hunneberg					477.7
									Varangu					481.3 *
									Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Pakerort		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
																	Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian												Jiangshanian			Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian												Paibian				494
		Paibian												Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Marjumian			Albertian †	Guzhangian		Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian									Marjumian				Drumian		Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan									Topazan				Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran								506.5				Wuliuan/Taijangian
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran								Waucoban †			Duyunian	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran											Duyunian	511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran											Nangaoian	514
			Montezuman												514.8 *
			Begadean												519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												Meishucunian	521
		Fortunian			529									Meishucunian
		Fortunian			Jinnigian									530.7
																						538.8