PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Mammal Paleogene Zones		Carboniferous of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian						Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian						Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian						Middle Miocene							11.63
		Langhian						Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian						Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene				MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Early Oligocene				MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene				MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			33.9
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene				MP 16			37.71
		Lutetian						Middle Eocene				MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			41.2
		Ypresian						Early Eocene				MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Late Paleocene				MP 6	MP 1 - 5		56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
		Roadian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Artinskian													283.5
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian													293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
		Gzhelian												Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian												Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian												Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
			Huashibanian	318.5 *
			Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian	443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian		Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian				453
						Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
					Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
				Dobrotivian				458.5 *
				Oretanian				459.7 *
					Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian			Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian		Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian				470
		Tremadocian		Tremadocian				Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian		Tremadocian				Ungurian	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian	Batyrbaian			489.5
								Aksaian	Aksaian			490.7 *
								Sakian	Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian										494
		Paibian									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian						Zhanaarykian				500.5
		Drumian						Tuesaian				503
		Wuliuan						Tuesaian	Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan										505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
								Toyonian	Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
								Botomian	Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian	Botomian			514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian	Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian	Tommotian			521
		Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian							Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
															538.8