PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of China		Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Dorashamian						251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Dzhulfian						254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											Midian						259.51
				Wordian											Midian						264.28
				Wordian											Murgabian						266.2 *
				Roadian											Murgabian						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											Kubergandian						273.01
				Kungurian											Bolorian						279.8
				Artinskian											Bolorian						283.5
				Artinskian											Yakhtashian						286
				Sakmarian											Sakmarian						290.1
				Asselian											Asselian						293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																	298.9
				Kasimovian																	303.7
				Moscovian																	307
				Bashkirian																	315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian																	323.2
				Visean																	330.9
				Tournaisian																	346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian																	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian							Srbsko										382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Chotec										387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian							Daleje/Zlichovian										393.3
				Pragian							Pragian										407.6
				Lochkovian							Lochkovian										410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare											419.2
			Pridoli							Kaugetuma											421.7 *
			Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare											423
				Ludfordian						Paadla											423.4 *
				Gorstian						Paadla											425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula											427.4
				Homerian						Jaagarahu											429.2 *
				Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu											430.5
				Sheinwoodian						Jaani											431.8 *
			Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani											433.4
				Telychian						Adavere											434 *
				Aeronian						Adavere											438.5
				Aeronian						Raikkula											439.4 *
				Rhuddanian						Raikkula											440.8
				Rhuddanian						Juuru											441.4 *
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian							Bolindian									443.8
				Katian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †						Bolindian									445.2
					Kralodvorian							Eastonian									449 *
					Berounian							Eastonian									449.7 *
												Gisbornian									452 *
				Sandbian																	453
							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †													456.2 *
						Liben †															458 *
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Darriwilian									458.4
					Dobrotivian																458.5 *
					Oretanian																459.7 *
						Sarka †															461.7 *
				Dapingian		Klabava †						Yapeenian									467.3
					Arenigian							Yapeenian									468
												Castlemainian									468.5 *
			Early Ordovician	Floian								Chewtonian									470
												Bendigonian									471.8 *
												Lancefieldian									473.5 *
				Tremadocian	Tremadocian				Ungurian			Lancefieldian									477.7
				Tremadocian	Tremadocian				Ungurian			Warendian									482.8 *
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian				Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		485.4
				Stage 10										Festiniogian				Niuchehean			489.2 *
				Jiangshanian														Jiangshanian			489.5
Aksaian	490.7 *
Sakian	492.2 *
	Maentwrogian								493.1 *
				Paibian					Paibian					494
				Paibian					Paibian					Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian	St Davids									Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		497
	Guzhangian												Guzhangian			499.5
	Drumian		Zhanaarykian										Drumian			500.5
	Drumian		Tuesaian										Drumian			503
	Wuliuan		Tuesaian										Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
	Wuliuan												Wuliuan/Taijangian			505.3
Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai									Duyunian			509
			Toyonian												510 *
			Botomian												512.5 *
	Stage 3		Botomian										Nangaoian		514
	Stage 3		Atdabanian										Nangaoian		515.6 *
Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian										Meishucunian		521
	Stage 2														525.5
	Fortunian														529
	Fortunian												Jinnigian		530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Poundian †		Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran														Vendian †	Wonokan †		Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																		635
		Tonian																		720
		Tonian																	Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																	Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian								1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian								1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan								1375
																					1400