PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of North America					Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Devonian of Germany
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Dorashamian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Dzhulfian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										Midian			259.51
		Wordian										Midian			264.28
		Wordian										Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian										Murgabian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										Kubergandian			273.01
		Kungurian										Bolorian			279.8
		Artinskian										Bolorian			283.5
		Artinskian										Yakhtashian			286
		Sakmarian										Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian										Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Mapingian †		298.9
		Kasimovian											Mapingian †		303.7
		Kasimovian													305.9
		Moscovian													307
		Bashkirian													315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian													323.2
		Visean													330.9
		Tournaisian													346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian												Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian												Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian												Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian												Emsian	393.3
		Pragian												Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian												Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli														419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian													423
	Ludlow	Gorstian													425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian													427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian													430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian													433.4
		Aeronian													438.5
		Rhuddanian													440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian							443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †				Gamachian							445.2
			Kralodvorian					Richmondian							446 *
			Berounian					Richmondian							449.7 *
								Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian						449.8 *
								Edenian							450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian							451.1 *
		Sandbian						Chatfieldian							453
								Turinian							453.7 *
					Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †		Turinian							456.2 *
					Zahorany †/Vinice		Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor					457 *
				Liben †											458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
			Dobrotivian												458.5 *
			Oretanian												459.7 *
				Sarka †											461.7 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †											467.3
			Arenigian												468
								Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †				470
		Floian						Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian					Tulean							477.7
								Stairsian							480.3 *
								Skullrockian			Demingian †				482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Skullrockian							485.4
															487.5