PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of China			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Chibanian									Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian									Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian									Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Mangapanian			Tertiary †	Yushean	2.58
		Piacenzian									Waipipian					3
		Zanclean									Waipipian					3.6
											Opoitian					3.7
											Opoitian				Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian									Tongaporutuan					7.246
										Southland	Waiauan					11.04
															Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian														11.63
		Serravallian									Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian									Lillburnian				Shanwangian	13.82
											Clifdenian					15.1
										Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian														15.98
															Xiejiaan	16.9
											Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian									Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Waitakian					23.03
											Duntroonian					25.2
											Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
										Arnold	Runangan					34.6
											Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian									Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian									Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian									Bortonian					41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
											Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian									Heretaungan					47.8
											Mangaorapan					48.9
											Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Teurian					56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian									Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian									Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
											Mangaotanean					90.5
											Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian									Arowhanan					93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
											Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Motuan					100.5
											Urutawan					103.3
										Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian									Korangan					113
		Aptian														117.5
		Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian		Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
		Telychian					Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian					Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †		Wufeng †		Chientangkiangian	445.2
							Kralodvorian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang		449.5
							Berounian					449.7 *
		Sandbian										453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian						Guniu †/Hulo	458.4
							Dobrotivian			458.5 *
							Oretanian			459.7 *
								Sarka †					461.7 *
								Sarka †	Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
		Dapingian	Klabava †					Dapingian					467.3
		Dapingian					Arenigian	Dapingian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian	Yiyangian					470
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian					Xinchangian					477.7
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian					Xinchangian			Lianghekou †		477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †									504.5
																509