PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of China			Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian													Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian													Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian													Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Late Pliocene							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian													Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian													Middle Miocene							11.63
		Langhian													Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian													Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian													Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													Late Oligocene							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													Late Eocene							33.9
		Bartonian													Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian													Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian													Early Eocene							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian													Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian													Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Senonian												66
		Campanian																				72.1
		Santonian																				83.6
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
		Cenomanian																				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Gallic												100.5
		Aptian																				113
		Barremian																				121.4
		Hauterivian								Neocomian												125.77
		Valanginian																				132.6
		Berriasian																				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																				145
		Kimmeridgian																				149.2
		Oxfordian																				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
		Bathonian																				165.3
		Bajocian																				168.2
		Aalenian																				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																				174.7
		Pliensbachian																				184.2
		Sinemurian																				192.9
		Hettangian																				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																				201.4
		Norian																				208.5
		Carnian																				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																				251.902
		Wuchiapingian									Zechstein											254.14
		Wuchiapingian									Zechstein	Tatarian	Vyatkian									256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Rotliegendes		Severodvinian									259.51
		Wordian											Urzhumian									264.28
		Roadian										Kazanian	Povolzhian									266.9
		Roadian										Kazanian	Sokian									270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian									273.01
													Filipovian									276.5 *
													Saraninian									280.1 *
		Artinskian									Autunian	Artinskian	Sarginian									283.5
													Irginian									285.9 *
													Burtsevian									287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
				Uskalykian	294.8
				Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou		Wufeng †	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †					Gamachian	Chientangkiangian	445.2
													Richmondian	Chientangkiangian	446 *
											Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
							Berounian								449.7 *
										Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian		449.8 *
										Edenian					450.4 *
										Mohawkian		Chatfieldian			451.1 *
		Sandbian										Chatfieldian			453
												Turinian			453.7 *
												Turinian			Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Whiterockian			Canadian †		Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Liben †										458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo							458.4
							Dobrotivian											458.5 *
							Oretanian											459.7 *
								Sarka †										461.7 *
								Sarka †			Hunjiang †			Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †	Dapingian									467.3
							Arenigian											468
												Rangerian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Yiyangian	Ibexian		Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian							Yiyangian			Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Tremadocian		Xinchangian										477.7
														Lianghekou †					477.9 *
												Stairsian							480.3 *
												Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Skullrockian							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10																		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian																		Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian																		Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian																		Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian																	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian																	Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan																	Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan																	Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4																	Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4																	Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3																	Dyeran		514
																			Montezuman		514.8 *
																			Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
																						538.8