PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of China			Cambrian of Siberia			Carboniferous of China	Devonian Subages	Permian of the Russian Platform
Permian	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian														Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian													Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian													Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
																Filipovian	276.5 *
																Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian													Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
																Irginian	285.9 *
																Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian													Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian													Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian													Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
																Uskalykian	294.8
																Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															298.9
		Gzhelian											Xiaodushanian				300 *
		Kasimovian											Xiaodushanian				303.7
		Kasimovian											Dalaun				305.8 *
		Moscovian															307
		Bashkirian															315.2
													Huashibanian				318.5 *
													Lousuan				321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian											Dewunian				323.2
		Serpukhovian											Shangsian				330.8 *
		Visean											Shangsian				330.9
		Visean											Jiusian				335 *
		Tournaisian											Tangbagouan				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												Late Famennian			358.9
														Middle Famennian			365.3 *
														Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian												Late Frasnian			372.2
														Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
														Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian												Late Givetian			382.7
														Middle Givetian			383.7 *
														Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian												Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian												Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian												Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian												Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian												Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian												Late Lochkovian			410.8
														Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
														Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli																419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian															423
	Ludlow	Gorstian															425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian															427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian															430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian															433.4
		Aeronian															438.5
		Rhuddanian															440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †								443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †			Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †								445.2
			Kralodvorian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang										449.5
			Berounian														449.7 *
		Sandbian															453
					Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †											456.2 *
				Liben †													458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo									458.4
			Dobrotivian														458.5 *
			Oretanian														459.7 *
				Sarka †						461.7 *
				Sarka †				Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †			Dapingian			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian				Dapingian			468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian				Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian				Xinchangian			477.7
									Lianghekou †	477.9 *
									Lianghekou †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian					485.4
		Jiangshanian								Batyrbaian							489.5
										Aksaian							490.7 *
										Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian															494
		Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Ayusokkanian							497
		Guzhangian								Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian								Mayan/Menevian					500.5
		Wuliuan								Amgan/Solvan					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Amgan/Solvan					509
										Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
										Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3								Botomian					514
		Stage 3								Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Tommotian					521
		Stage 2								Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian								Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †				529
																	538.8