PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of the Baltic		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of North America		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian							Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
				Bartonian							Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian								Bumbanian							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Gashatan								56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												Vokhmian			247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												Vokhmian			251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian												Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			259.51
				Wordian												Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
				Roadian												Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
				Artinskian															283.5
				Sakmarian															290.1
				Asselian													Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian													Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian													Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian													Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian													Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian													Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian													Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian													Chesterian		323.2
				Visean													Chesterian		330.9
																	Meramecian		335.8 *
																	Osagean		343.1 *
				Tournaisian													Osagean		346.7
				Tournaisian													Kinderhookian		351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian														Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian														Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian														Givetian	382.7
Eifelian			Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Cayugan	Ohesaare		419.2
				Cayugan	Kaugetuma		421.7 *
				Niagaran	Kaugetuma		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian		Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian		Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian		Lockportian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian		Jaani	433.4
			Telychian				Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian					438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Raikkula		439.4 *
				Medinan	Clinton				440.1 *
									440.7 *
			Rhuddanian						440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian			Harju	Porkuni		443.8
			Katian	Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †		Pirgu	445.2
				Kralodvorian						Vormsi	449.6 *
				Berounian						Vormsi	449.7 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru			Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian							Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Haljala		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Kukruse				456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
								Liben †						458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
				Dobrotivian										458.5 *
				Dobrotivian						Lasnamagi				458.9 *
	Oretanian			459.7 *						Lasnamagi
				Aseri						460.4 *
				Aseri				Sarka †					461.7 *
				Oeland			Kunda						462.9 *
							Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
							Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †						467.3
	Arenigian													468
							Billingen							469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian											470
											Latorp †			470.1 *
							Hunneberg							473.7 *
	Tremadocian		Tremadocian				Hunneberg							477.7
							Varangu							481.3 *
							Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Pakerort							485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian				720
		Tonian				Karatau									800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau									1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian									1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian									1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan									1375
																			1400