PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128235 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of the Baltic			Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian Subages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Calabrian										Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Gelasian										Early Pleistocene				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Late Pliocene				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										Early Pliocene				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian										Late Miocene				7.246
		Serravallian										Middle Miocene				11.63
		Langhian										Middle Miocene				13.82
		Burdigalian										Early Miocene				15.98
		Aquitanian										Early Miocene				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Late Oligocene				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										Late Eocene				33.9
		Bartonian										Middle Eocene				37.71
		Lutetian										Middle Eocene				41.2
		Ypresian										Early Eocene				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Late Paleocene				56
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian										Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
		Wordian														264.28
		Roadian														266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
		Artinskian														283.5
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian														293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Late Pennsylvanian						298.9
		Gzhelian											Xiaodushanian			300 *
		Kasimovian											Xiaodushanian			303.7
		Kasimovian											Dalaun			305.8 *
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
				Middle Famennian			365.3 *
				Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian		Late Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
				Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
				Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian		Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian			383.7 *
				Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian		Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian		Emsian	393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian		Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian		Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani		433.4
		Telychian				Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian			Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
						Kralodvorian				Vormsi	449.6 *
						Berounian				Vormsi	449.7 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Haljala		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Kukruse				456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
									Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
						Dobrotivian								458.5 *
						Dobrotivian				Lasnamagi				458.9 *
						Oretanian				Lasnamagi				459.7 *
										Aseri				460.4 *
									Sarka †	Aseri				461.7 *
								Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
										Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †						467.3
						Arenigian									468
										Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian													470
											Latorp †				470.1 *
										Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadocian				Hunneberg					477.7
										Varangu					481.3 *
										Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Pakerort					485.4
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			486.3 *
																486.5