PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene				0.0117
				Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene				0.129
				Calabrian												Early Pleistocene				0.774
				Gelasian												Early Pleistocene				1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Late Pliocene				2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												Early Pliocene				3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene				5.333
				Tortonian												Late Miocene				7.246
				Serravallian												Middle Miocene				11.63
				Langhian												Middle Miocene				13.82
				Burdigalian												Early Miocene				15.98
				Aquitanian												Early Miocene				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Late Oligocene				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												Early Oligocene				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												Late Eocene				33.9
				Bartonian												Middle Eocene				37.71
				Lutetian												Middle Eocene				41.2
				Ypresian												Early Eocene				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Late Paleocene				56
				Selandian												Middle Paleocene				59.2
				Danian												Early Paleocene				61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian							66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic							100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian									Neocomian							125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian										Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites						168.2
				Bajocian											Humphresianum					168.4
				Aalenian										Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense					174.7
														Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons						180.1
														Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum						182
				Pliensbachian										Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni						184.2
				Sinemurian										Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi						192.9
				Hettangian										Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
				Wordian																264.28
				Roadian																266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
				Artinskian																283.5
				Sakmarian																290.1
				Asselian																293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian		Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian			Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Berounian			Streffordian		449.7 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian								453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †			456.2 *
									Aurelucian							456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
								Liben †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
						Dobrotivian										458.5 *
						Oretanian										459.7 *
									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
								Sarka †							461.7 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †							467.3
						Arenigian									468
							Arenig		Fennian						468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian						470
									Whitlandian					471.1 *
									Moridunian					474.3 *
			Tremadocian			Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
									Cressagian					480.8 *
									Cressagian					Mansian †	483.55 *
														Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10											Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
	Jiangshanian		489.5											Batyrbaian
			Aksaian											490.7 *
			Sakian											492.2 *
	Paibian													494
	Paibian													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian													497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian													499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian													500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan													504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan													509
			Toyonian											Lenian †		510 *
			Botomian													512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian													514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian													515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian													521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian													525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian											Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																	635
		Tonian																	720
		Tonian																Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																Karatau	1000
		Stenian																Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		1200														Yurmatian
		Ectasian		Burzyan														1375
																				1400