PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America	Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
		Bartonian																			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
		Lutetian																								41.2
		Ypresian																				Bumbanian				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																			Gashatan					56
		Selandian																								59.2
		Danian																								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																								66
		Campanian																								72.1
		Santonian																								83.6
		Coniacian																								86.3
		Turonian																								89.8
		Cenomanian																								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																								100.5
		Aptian																								113
		Barremian																								121.4
		Hauterivian																								125.77
		Valanginian																								132.6
		Berriasian																								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																								145
		Kimmeridgian																								149.2
		Oxfordian																								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																								161.5
		Bathonian																								165.3
		Bajocian																								168.2
		Aalenian																								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																								174.7
		Pliensbachian																								184.2
		Sinemurian																								192.9
		Hettangian																								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																								201.4
		Norian																								208.5
		Carnian																								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																								259.51
		Wordian																								264.28
		Roadian																								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																								273.01
		Artinskian																								283.5
		Sakmarian																								290.1
		Asselian																						Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																						Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian																						Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian																						Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian																						Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian																						Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian																						Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian																						Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																						Chesterian		323.2
		Visean																						Chesterian		330.9
																								Meramecian		335.8 *
																								Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian																						Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian																						Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian																							Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian																							Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian	Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani		433.4
		Telychian	Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian		Ashgill	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian			Bohdalec †			Rawtheyan	Pirgu	445.2
									Cautleyan		448.9 *
									Pusgillian		449.3 *
					Caradoc				Streffordian	Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
			Berounian								Vormsi	449.7 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru			Rakvere		450.6 *
									Cheneyan		Rakvere		451.5 *
									Cheneyan		Oandu		452 *
									Burrellian		Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian									Keila	Idavere †	453
										Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
										Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
										Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †				455.2 *
														Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Kukruse					456.4 *
									Aurelucian							456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †				457.5 *
						Liben †										458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
			Dobrotivian													458.5 *
			Dobrotivian								Lasnamagi					458.9 *
			Oretanian								Lasnamagi					459.7 *
											Aseri					460.4 *
									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
						Sarka †										461.7 *
								Oeland			Kunda					462.9 *
											Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
											Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †											467.3
			Arenigian														468
					Arenig				Fennian								468.4 *
											Billingen						469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian															470
												Latorp †					470.1 *
									Whitlandian								471.1 *
									Whitlandian		Hunneberg						473.7 *
									Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian			Tremadoc			Migneintian								477.7
									Cressagian								480.8 *
											Varangu						481.3 *
											Pakerort						482.2 *
																	Mansian †	483.55 *
																	Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Batyrbaian					Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
																							486.3 *
								486.5
								Sunwaptan															487.5
		Jiangshanian																	Jiangshanian				489.5
												Aksaian											490.7 *
												Sakian											492.2 *
								Steptoean															493 *
		Paibian																	Paibian				494
																		Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.7 *
																		Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian										Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian		Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian										Guzhangian					499.5
		Drumian						Mayan/Menevian										Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan						Amgan/Solvan										Wuliuan/Taijangian		Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan																Wuliuan/Taijangian		Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4																Duyunian				Waucoban †	509
							Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
							Toyonian					Dyeran								511 *
							Botomian													512.5 *
		Stage 3																Nangaoian		514
												Montezuman								514.8 *
							Atdabanian					Montezuman								515.6 *
							Atdabanian					Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian											Meishucunian		521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian													525.5
		Fortunian						Manykaian †												529
		Fortunian						Manykaian †										Jinnigian		530.7
																										538.8