PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of Britain		Permian of Western Europe	Silurian of North America			Ordovician of the Baltic				Mesozoic Subages		Permian of the Salt Range
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian															Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
		Santonian															Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Coniacian															Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian															Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian															Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															Late Albian			100.5
																	Middle Albian			106.2 *
																	Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian															Late Aptian			113
		Aptian															Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian															Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian															Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian															Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian															Late Berriasian			139.8
																	Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
																	Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian															Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian															Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian															Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian															Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian																Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian															Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian															Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian															Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian															Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															Late Toarcian			174.7
																	Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
																	Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian															Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian															Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian															Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian															Sevatian			208.5
																	Alaunian			213.2 *
																	Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian															Tuvalian			227
		Carnian															Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															Longobardian			237
		Ladinian															Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian															Illyrian			242
																	Pelsonian			243.8 *
																	Bithynian			244.7 *
																	Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian															Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan															Dienerian			251.2
																	Griesbachian			251.4 *
																	Griesbachian		Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																	Kathwai	251.902
																				252.4 *
																			Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian							Zechstein										Chhidru	254.14
																			Kalabagh	255 *
																			Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Rotliegendes											259.51
		Wordian																		264.28
																				265.3 *
																			Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian																	Amb	266.9
		Roadian																		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																		273.01
		Artinskian	Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli			Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
						Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
							440.7 *
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian		Ashgill	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian			Bohdalec †		Rawtheyan	Pirgu	445.2
									Cautleyan		448.9 *
									Pusgillian		449.3 *
						Caradoc			Streffordian	Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
				Berounian							Vormsi	449.7 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru			Rakvere		450.6 *
									Cheneyan		Rakvere		451.5 *
									Cheneyan		Oandu		452 *
									Burrellian		Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian									Keila	Idavere †	453
										Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
										Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
										Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †				455.2 *
														Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Kukruse					456.4 *
									Aurelucian							456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †				457.5 *
							Liben †									458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
				Dobrotivian												458.5 *
				Dobrotivian							Lasnamagi					458.9 *
				Oretanian							Lasnamagi					459.7 *
											Aseri					460.4 *
									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
							Sarka †									461.7 *
								Oeland			Kunda					462.9 *
											Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
											Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †										467.3
				Arenigian													468
						Arenig			Fennian								468.4 *
											Billingen						469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian															470
												Latorp †					470.1 *
			Whitlandian						471.1 *
			Whitlandian						Hunneberg		473.7 *
			Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
							Cressagian				480.8 *
									Varangu		481.3 *
									Pakerort		482.2 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										486.3 *
																				486.5