PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Devonian of Germany	Carboniferous of North America	Mesozoic Subages		Devonian Subages	Silurian of the Baltic
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian								Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
		Santonian								Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian								Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian								Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian								Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Late Albian				100.5
										Middle Albian				106.2 *
										Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian								Late Aptian				113
		Aptian								Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian								Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian								Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian								Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian								Late Berriasian				139.8
										Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
										Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
		Tithonian								Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian								Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian								Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian								Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian									Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian								Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian								Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian								Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian								Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Late Toarcian				174.7
										Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
										Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian								Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian								Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian								Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian								Sevatian				208.5
										Alaunian				213.2 *
										Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian								Tuvalian				227
		Carnian								Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Longobardian				237
		Ladinian								Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian								Illyrian				242
										Pelsonian				243.8 *
										Bithynian				244.7 *
										Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian								Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan								Dienerian				251.2
		Induan								Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian												264.28
		Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Artinskian												283.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian							Bursumian †					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian					298.9
		Kasimovian							Missourian					303.7
		Kasimovian							Desmoinesian					305.9 *
		Moscovian							Desmoinesian					307
		Moscovian							Atokan					312.7 *
		Bashkirian	315.2						Atokan
		Bashkirian	Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
		Visean	Chesterian	330.9
			Meramecian	335.8 *
			Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		Late Famennian	358.9
					Middle Famennian	365.3 *
					Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Adorf		Late Frasnian	372.2
					Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
					Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko		Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian	Chotec		Eifelian	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Chotec		Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian		Emsian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian		Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian		Siegen	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian		Gedinnine	Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
		Telychian					Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian		443.8
		Katian					Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †		445.2
		Katian					Berounian				449.7 *
		Sandbian									453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
							Dobrotivian						458.5 *
							Oretanian						459.7 *
									Sarka †				461.7 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †	467.3
		Dapingian					Arenigian			468
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Tremadocian			477.7
														485.4