PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of Australia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia							Devonian of Germany	Silurian of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Permian Subages of Germany
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																		Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																					5.333
		Tortonian																					7.246
		Serravallian																					11.63
		Langhian																					13.82
		Burdigalian																					15.98
		Aquitanian																					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian														33.9
		Bartonian							Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan														37.71
		Lutetian																					41.2
		Ypresian								Bumbanian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Gashatan														56
		Selandian																					59.2
		Danian																					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																					66
		Campanian																					72.1
		Santonian																					83.6
		Coniacian																					86.3
		Turonian																					89.8
		Cenomanian																					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																					100.5
		Aptian																					113
		Barremian																					121.4
		Hauterivian																					125.77
		Valanginian																					132.6
		Berriasian																					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																					145
		Kimmeridgian																					149.2
		Oxfordian																					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																					161.5
		Bathonian																					165.3
		Bajocian																					168.2
		Aalenian																					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																					174.7
		Pliensbachian																					184.2
		Sinemurian																					192.9
		Hettangian																					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																					201.4
		Norian																					208.5
		Carnian																					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																				Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																			Longtanian †	Buntsandstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																				Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian																				Leine	264.28
		Roadian																					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																					273.01
		Artinskian																					283.5
		Sakmarian																					290.1
		Asselian																					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Mapingian †																298.9
		Kasimovian					Mapingian †																303.7
		Kasimovian																					305.9
		Moscovian																					307
		Bashkirian																					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																					323.2
		Visean																					330.9
		Tournaisian																					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli			Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
						Alexandrian		438.7 *
				Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian		Bolindian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian		443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian					Gamachian		Bohdalec †	445.2
									Richmondian			446 *
						Eastonian						449 *
				Berounian								449.7 *
									Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian				450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
						Gisbornian							452 *
		Sandbian											453
									Turinian				453.7 *
									Turinian				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Whiterockian				Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian										458.4
				Dobrotivian												458.5 *
				Oretanian												459.7 *
											Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †					Yapeenian					467.3
				Arenigian							Yapeenian					468
											Castlemainian					468.5 *
									Rangerian		Castlemainian					469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Chewtonian	Ibexian		Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
								Bendigonian									471.8 *
								Lancefieldian									473.5 *
											Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadocian							Tulean						477.7
											Stairsian						480.3 *
											Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
								Warendian								Demingian †	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10															Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10																Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian																Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian																Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian																Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian															Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian																Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan																Stage 5 †		Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan																Stage 5 †		Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4																Waucoban †	509	Delamaran
		Stage 4																	Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3																	Dyeran	514
																			Montezuman	514.8 *
																			Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian																		529
																							538.8