PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Carboniferous of China	Central Paratethys Stages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of the Pamirs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Nihewanian	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Gelasian								Early Pleistocene					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Yushean	Late Pliocene					2.58
		Zanclean							Yushean	Early Pliocene					3.6
		Zanclean							Baodean	Early Pliocene					4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene					5.333
		Tortonian						Pannonian							7.246
		Tortonian						Pannonian	Tunggurian						11.1
		Serravallian						Sarmatian		Middle Miocene					11.63
		Serravallian						Badenian							12.8 *
		Langhian							Shanwangian						13.82
		Burdigalian							Shanwangian	Early Miocene					15.98
		Burdigalian							Xiejiaan						16.9
		Aquitanian							Xiejiaan						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene					33.9
		Bartonian								Middle Eocene					37.71
		Lutetian								Middle Eocene					41.2
		Ypresian								Early Eocene					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene					56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												Midian	259.51
		Wordian												Midian	264.28
		Wordian												Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian												Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian												Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian												Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian	Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Gzhelian		Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian		Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian		Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean		Shangsian	330.9
		Visean		Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian			Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian					453
							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
					Dobrotivian				458.5 *
					Oretanian				459.7 *
						Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian			Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
										Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Sunwaptan	487.5
										Festiniogian			489.2 *
		Jiangshanian											489.5
												Steptoean	493 *
										Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian								Maentwrogian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							St Davids		Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian											Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan									Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan									Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Caerfai		Delamaran	Branchian	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4									Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3									Dyeran			514
											Montezuman			514.8 *
											Montezuman	Placentian		517.1
											Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
															538.8