PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Carboniferous of China	Silurian of England		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of the Baltic			Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Calabrian																	0.774
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Tertiary †		Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean																Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean																Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Tortonian																Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian																Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian																Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian																Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian																Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian																Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan								145
		Kimmeridgian								Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan								150
											Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Callovian									Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan								176
		Pliensbachian									Ururoan								184.2
		Pliensbachian									Aratauran								188.9
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
		Norian									Warepan								208.5
											Otamitan								217
											Oretian								221
		Carnian									Oretian								227
		Carnian								Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Kaihikuan								237
		Ladinian									Etalian								238
		Anisian									Etalian								242
		Anisian									Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									Malakovian								247.2
		Olenekian									Nelsonian								249
		Induan	251.2								Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian		Flettian			264.28
		Wordian		Barettian			266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian			276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian	Autunian		283.5
				Telfordian			285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian					Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean					Shangsian	330.9
		Visean					Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian					Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Ohesaare	419.2
									Bringewood/Elton	Ohesaare	421.3
									Bringewood/Elton	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian							Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian									425.6
		Gorstian							Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian							Buildwas	Rootsikula	427.4
								Wych	Woolhope	Rootsikula	428.4 *
										Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian								Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian								Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian								Jaani	433.4
										Adavere	434 *
											436.3 *
		Aeronian									438.5
								Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
										Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian								Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian								Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
								Kralodvorian					Vormsi	449.6 *
								Berounian					Vormsi	449.7 *
													Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
											Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
													Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian											Keila	Idavere †	453
													Haljala		453.9
													Haljala		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
													Kukruse				456.4 *
													Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
												Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
						Dobrotivian		458.5 *
						Dobrotivian		Lasnamagi					458.9 *
						Oretanian		Lasnamagi					459.7 *
								Aseri					460.4 *
								Aseri				Sarka †				461.7 *
								Oeland			Kunda					462.9 *
											Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
			Volkhov	Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka							467.1 *
		Dapingian									Klabava †	467.3
						Arenigian						468
			Billingen		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
				Latorp †								470.1 *
			Hunneberg									473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Hunneberg			Tremadocian						477.7
			Varangu									481.3 *
			Pakerort									482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Pakerort									485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †		497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †							504.5
																			509