PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128152 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of China		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																Wanganui	Haweran		0
				Northgrippian																			0.0042
				Greenlandian																			0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		Late Pleistocene	0.0117
				Chibanian																		Middle Pleistocene	0.129
				Chibanian																	Castlecliffian	Middle Pleistocene	0.34
				Calabrian																	Castlecliffian	Early Pleistocene	0.774
				Calabrian																	Nukumaruan		1.63
				Gelasian																	Nukumaruan		1.8
				Gelasian																	Mangapanian		2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †								Mangapanian	Late Pliocene	2.58
				Piacenzian																	Waipipian	Late Pliocene	3
				Zanclean																	Waipipian	Early Pliocene	3.6
				Zanclean																	Opoitian	Early Pliocene	3.7
			Miocene	Messinian																Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene	5.333
				Messinian																	Tongaporutuan		7.2
				Tortonian																	Tongaporutuan		7.246
				Tortonian																Southland	Waiauan		11.04
				Serravallian																	Waiauan	Middle Miocene	11.63
				Serravallian																	Lillburnian		13.05
				Langhian																	Lillburnian		13.82
																					Clifdenian		15.1
																				Pareora	Altonian		15.9
				Burdigalian																	Altonian	Early Miocene	15.98
				Burdigalian																	Otaian		18.7
				Aquitanian																	Otaian		20.44
				Aquitanian																Landon	Waitakian		21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	Waitakian	Late Oligocene	23.03
																					Duntroonian		25.2
																					Whaingaroan		27.3
				Rupelian																		Early Oligocene	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																		Late Eocene	33.9
																				Arnold	Runangan		34.6
																					Kaiatan		36.7
				Bartonian																	Kaiatan	Middle Eocene	37.71
				Bartonian																	Bortonian		39.1
				Lutetian																	Bortonian		41.2
																				Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
																					Heretaungan		45.7
				Ypresian																	Heretaungan	Early Eocene	47.8
																					Mangaorapan		48.9
																					Waipawan		52
			Paleocene	Thanetian																	Teurian	Late Paleocene	56
				Selandian																		Middle Paleocene	59.2
				Danian																		Early Paleocene	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																Mata	Haumurian		66
				Campanian																	Haumurian		72.1
				Santonian																	Piripauan		83.6
				Santonian																Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
				Coniacian																			86.3
				Turonian																			89.8
																					Mangaotanean		90.5
																					Arowhanan		93.7
				Cenomanian																	Arowhanan		93.9
																				Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
																					Motuan		99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	Motuan		100.5
																					Urutawan		103.3
																				Taitai	Korangan		108.4
				Aptian																	Korangan		113
				Aptian																			117.5
				Barremian																			121.4
				Hauterivian																			125.77
				Valanginian																			132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian			283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
			Asselian			Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
							Xiaodushanian	300 *
						Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
								Cantabrian	305 *
							Dalaun		305.8 *
			Moscovian						307
						Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
							Huashibanian	Westphalian A	318.5 *
						Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Lousuan	Marsdenian	321.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian	Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
							Shangsian	Pendleian	330.8 *
			Visean			Warnantian	Shangsian	Brigantian †	330.9
						Warnantian	Jiusian	Brigantian †	335 *
						Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
						Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian			Ivorian		Tangbagouan	346.7
			Tournaisian			Hastarian		Tangbagouan	353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian					Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	Kralodvorian						Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
				Berounian							Streffordian		449.7 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
Sandbian			453
			Actonian †									453.2 *
			Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †							454.2 *
			Longvillian †									455.2 *
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Aurelucian			456.8 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian											457.4 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian							Liben †				458 *
Middle Ordovician		Darriwilian	Llanvirn						Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
				Dobrotivian										458.5 *
				Oretanian										459.7 *
									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
										Sarka †				461.7 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †				467.3
				Arenigian										468
			Arenig						Fennian					468.4 *
Early Ordovician		Floian							Fennian					470
									Whitlandian					471.1 *
									Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian						Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
										Cressagian				480.8 *
										Cressagian				Mansian †	483.55 *
														Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian												Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian			489.5
																Aksaian			490.7 *
																Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian												Paibian					494
																		Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
															Waergangian †/Youshuanian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian												Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian												Drumian			Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan												Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †			Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Duyunian						Amgan/Solvan	509
																		Toyonian		Lenian †	510 *
																		Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3												Nangaoian				Botomian			514
		Stage 3												Nangaoian				Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Meishucunian							Tommotian				521
		Stage 2												Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian				Manykaian †		529
		Fortunian				Manykaian †	Jinnigian	530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																		Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																			635
		Tonian																			720
		Tonian																		Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																		Karatau	1000
		Stenian																		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian																		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian																		Burzyan	1375
																							1400