PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of China	European Faunal Zones	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Nihewanian		0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Calabrian															0.774
				Gelasian						MN 17									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						MN 16							Yushean	Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian						MN 15									3.2
				Zanclean						MN 15									3.6
										MN 14									4.2
										MN 13							Baodean		4.9
			Miocene	Messinian						MN 13									5.333
				Tortonian						MN 12									7.246
										MN 11									7.75
										MN 10									8.7
										MN 9									9.7
										MN 7 + 8							Tunggurian		11.1
				Serravallian						MN 7 + 8									11.63
				Serravallian						MN 6									12.8 *
				Langhian						MN 5							Shanwangian		13.82
				Burdigalian						MN 4							Shanwangian		15.98
										MN 3							Xiejiaan		16.9
										MN 2									20
				Aquitanian						MN 2									20.44
				Aquitanian						MN 1									22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan						145
				Kimmeridgian								Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
												Kawhia	Ohauan						150
													Heterian						154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian									Temaikan						164.3
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan						176
				Pliensbachian									Ururoan						184.2
				Pliensbachian									Aratauran						188.9
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
				Norian									Warepan						208.5
													Otamitan						217
													Oretian						221
Carnian				227									Oretian
Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
Middle Triassic			Ladinian		Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian		Etalian	238
			Anisian		Etalian	242
			Anisian		Malakovian	246
Early Triassic			Olenekian		Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
			Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Meishanian	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian	251.902
					Waiitian	Meishanian			253.2
						Baoqingian			253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian		Dzhulfian	Longtanian †		254.14
					Puruhauan	Laoshanian					254.2
					Puruhauan	Laibinian					257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian	Midian			259.51
			Wordian	Kuhfengian	Leine		Flettian				264.28
							Barettian				266
								Murgabian			266.2 *
			Roadian					Murgabian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian				Kubergandian			273.01
							Mangapirian	Kubergandian			276
								Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian							283.5
							Telfordian			285
				Longlinian						285.4 *
								Yakhtashian		286
								Yakhtashian		288.5
			Sakmarian					Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian	Zisongian				Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian						298.9
			Gzhelian							300.1
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian							Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian							Jaani	433.4
			Telychian							Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian							Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian							Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian							Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian							Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Kosovian		443.8
			Katian							Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian							Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian										453
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
										Dobrotivian					458.5 *
										Oretanian					459.7 *
												Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian									Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian							Arenigian					468
		Early Ordovician	Floian							Arenigian					470
Tremadocian		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †			497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																			635