PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of Western Europe	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Nihewanian				0.0117
				Chibanian																0.129
				Calabrian																0.774
				Gelasian																1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Yushean	Tertiary †			2.58
				Zanclean												Yushean				3.6
				Zanclean												Baodean				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
				Tortonian												Tunggurian				11.1
				Serravallian												Tunggurian				11.63
				Langhian												Shanwangian				13.82
				Burdigalian												Shanwangian				15.98
				Burdigalian												Xiejiaan				16.9
				Aquitanian												Xiejiaan				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan								150
												Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Callovian								Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian								Ururoan								184.2
				Pliensbachian								Aratauran								188.9
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian								Warepan								208.5
												Otamitan								217
												Oretian								221
				Carnian								Oretian								227
				Carnian							Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian								Etalian								238
				Anisian								Etalian								242
				Anisian								Malakovian								246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								Malakovian								247.2
				Olenekian								Nelsonian								249
Induan				251.2								Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian		Dorashamian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Zechstein	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Zechstein	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes	Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian	Midian		259.51
			Wordian		Leine		Flettian			264.28
							Barettian			266
								Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian					Murgabian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kubergandian		273.01
							Mangapirian	Kubergandian		276
								Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian	Autunian						283.5
							Telfordian			285
							Telfordian	Yakhtashian		286
								Yakhtashian		288.5
			Sakmarian					Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian					Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian							Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian							Jaani	433.4
			Telychian							Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian							Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian							Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian							Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian							Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Kosovian		443.8
			Katian							Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian							Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian										453
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
										Dobrotivian					458.5 *
										Oretanian					459.7 *
												Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian									Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian							Arenigian					468
		Early Ordovician	Floian							Arenigian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							Tremadocian					477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
			Jiangshanian												489.5
			Paibian												494
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Series 3 †												497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †						504.5
Series 2		Stage 4													509
Series 2		Stage 3													514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2													521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian													529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran			Wonokan †												Vendian †	571.7 *
																				635