PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ammonite Chrons of North America			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of Britain		Devonian of Germany	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Nihewanian					Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian													Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian													Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian													Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Yushean					Late Pliocene	2.58
		Zanclean								Yushean					Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean								Baodean					Early Pliocene	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Tortonian								Tunggurian						11.1
		Serravallian								Tunggurian					Middle Miocene	11.63
		Langhian								Shanwangian					Middle Miocene	13.82
		Burdigalian								Shanwangian					Early Miocene	15.98
		Burdigalian								Xiejiaan						16.9
		Aquitanian								Xiejiaan						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian													Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian													Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian													Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian													Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian													Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Senonian		66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												Gallic		100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian												Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras									168.2
		Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense									168.4
		Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta									174.7
							Planulata									179.3 *
							Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi							179.8 *
							Kanense									181.3 *
							Carlottense									182.3 *
							Kunae									183.5 *
		Pliensbachian					Kunae									184.2
							Freboldi									185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras								186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras								189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis								190.3 *
		Sinemurian														192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras							196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites									196.5 *
		Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian		Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
		Telychian		Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian		443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †				445.2
		Katian		Berounian						449.7 *
		Sandbian								453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
				Dobrotivian								458.5 *
				Oretanian								459.7 *
						Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †						467.3
		Dapingian		Arenigian								468
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10											Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian											Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian					493.1 *
		Paibian						Maentwrogian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					St Davids		497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Caerfai		509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
																538.8