PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6													0
				Northgrippian																		0.0042
				Greenlandian																		0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
				Chibanian																		0.129
				Calabrian																		0.774
				Gelasian																		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
				Tortonian																		7.246
				Serravallian					Cenozoic 5													11.63
				Langhian																		13.82
				Burdigalian																		15.98
				Aquitanian																		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4									Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Cenozoic 4									Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3									Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
				Bartonian					Cenozoic 3									Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
				Lutetian					Cenozoic 2													41.2
				Ypresian					Cenozoic 2										Bumbanian			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Cenozoic 1									Gashatan				56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8													66
				Campanian					Cretaceous 7													72.1
				Santonian					Cretaceous 6													83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4													100.5
				Aptian					Cretaceous 3													113
				Barremian					Cretaceous 2													121.4
				Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2													125.77
				Valanginian					Cretaceous 1													132.6
				Berriasian					Cretaceous 1													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Jurassic 6													145
				Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5													149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian					Jurassic 4													165.3
				Bajocian					Jurassic 4													168.2
				Aalenian					Jurassic 3													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Jurassic 3													174.7
				Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2													184.2
				Sinemurian					Jurassic 1													192.9
				Hettangian					Jurassic 1													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4													201.4
				Norian					Triassic 4													208.5
				Carnian					Triassic 3													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Triassic 2													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian					Triassic 2													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Triassic 1													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan					Triassic 1													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Permian 4													251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																		259.51
				Wordian																		264.28
				Roadian					Permian 3													266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian					Permian 2													273.01
				Artinskian																		283.5
				Sakmarian																		290.1
				Asselian					Permian 1												Bursumian †	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Carboniferous 5												Virgilian	298.9
Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
Moscovian				Desmoinesian	Carboniferous 4	307
Moscovian				Atokan		312.7 *
Bashkirian				Atokan		315.2
Bashkirian				Morrowan		318.4 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	Chesterian	330.9
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Silurian 2		Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		Jaani		433.4
			Telychian			Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian		Ordovician 5			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian	Kralodvorian						Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
				Kralodvorian							Vormsi	449.6 *
				Berounian							Vormsi	449.7 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
									Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
											Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian			Ordovician 4					Keila	Idavere †	453
											Haljala		453.9
											Haljala		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Kukruse				456.4 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
										Liben †					458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3									458.4
				Dobrotivian											458.5 *
				Dobrotivian							Lasnamagi				458.9 *
				Oretanian							Lasnamagi				459.7 *
											Aseri				460.4 *
										Sarka †	Aseri				461.7 *
									Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
	Valaste †/Hunderum										Kunda	464.3 *
											Volkhov	Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka			467.1 *
			Dapingian			Klabava †				Ordovician 2					467.3
				Arenigian											468
											Billingen				469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian												470
	Latorp †														470.1 *
											Hunneberg				473.7 *
			Tremadocian	Tremadocian						Ordovician 1	Hunneberg				477.7
											Varangu				481.3 *
											Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5						Niuchehean	Pakerort				Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
																	Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Paibian								494
		Paibian								Paibian					Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4						Guzhangian					Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian		Cambrian 4						Drumian					Wangcunian †	Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Cambrian 3						Wuliuan/Taijangian						Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran					Wuliuan/Taijangian						506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran					Duyunian						Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4			Dyeran					Duyunian							511 *
		Stage 3		Cambrian 2	Dyeran					Nangaoian							514
					Montezuman												514.8 *
					Begadean												519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Meishucunian							521
		Fortunian		Cambrian 1			529			Meishucunian
		Fortunian		Cambrian 1			Jinnigian			530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †						Poundian †				538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †						Wonokan †				571.7 *
																						635