PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of North America	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6		Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Chibanian								Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian							2.58
		Piacenzian								Waipipian							3
		Zanclean								Waipipian							3.6
		Zanclean								Opoitian							3.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian								Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian					Cenozoic 5			Waiauan							11.63
		Serravallian								Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian							13.82
										Clifdenian							15.1
									Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian								Altonian							15.98
		Burdigalian								Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4			Waitakian					Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
										Duntroonian							25.2
										Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian													Kekeamuan		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
									Arnold	Runangan							34.6
										Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian					Cenozoic 2			Bortonian							41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
										Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian								Heretaungan						Bumbanian	47.8
										Mangaorapan							48.9
										Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Cenozoic 1			Teurian					Gashatan		56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8		Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian					Cretaceous 7			Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian					Cretaceous 6			Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
										Mangaotanean							90.5
										Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5			Arowhanan							93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
										Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4			Motuan							100.5
										Urutawan							103.3
									Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian					Cretaceous 3			Korangan							113
		Aptian					Cretaceous 3										117.5
		Barremian					Cretaceous 2										121.4
		Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2										125.77
		Valanginian					Cretaceous 1										132.6
		Berriasian	139.8				Cretaceous 1
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian			Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian			Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian			Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Chesterian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Chesterian	330.9
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian				Ordovician 5	Harju	Porkuni		443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian						Bohdalec †		Pirgu	445.2
			Kralodvorian								Vormsi	449.6 *
			Berounian								Vormsi	449.7 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian					Ordovician 4			Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
				Zahorany †/Vinice						Haljala		Letna †	456.2 *
										Kukruse			456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
				Liben †									458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Ordovician 3						458.4
			Dobrotivian										458.5 *
			Dobrotivian							Lasnamagi			458.9 *
			Oretanian							Lasnamagi			459.7 *
										Aseri			460.4 *
				Sarka †						Aseri			461.7 *
								Oeland		Kunda			462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
										Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †			Ordovician 2							467.3
			Arenigian											468
										Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian												470
											Latorp †			470.1 *
										Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian				Ordovician 1			Hunneberg				477.7
										Varangu				481.3 *
										Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Cambrian 5			Pakerort				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
															Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian													Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian													Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian													Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Cambrian 4							Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian					Cambrian 4							Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan					Cambrian 3							Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan												Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4												Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3					Cambrian 2							Dyeran		514
														Montezuman		514.8 *
														Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1									529
																	538.8