PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of the Baltic				North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Britain		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of West Avalonia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Saintaugustinean							0
				Meghalayan					Santarosean							0.0004
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean							0.014
				Chibanian					Rancholabrean							0.129
				Chibanian					Irvingtonian							0.21
				Calabrian					Irvingtonian							0.774
				Calabrian					Blancan							1.4
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
				Zanclean												3.6
				Zanclean					Hemphillian							4.7
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Tortonian					Clarendonian							9.4
				Serravallian					Clarendonian							11.63
				Serravallian					Barstovian							12.5
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
									Hemingfordian							16.3
									Arikareean							18.5
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
				Rupelian												27.82
									Whitneyan							29.5
									Orellan							31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian					Chadronian							33.9
				Priabonian					Duchesnean							37
				Bartonian					Duchesnean							37.71
				Bartonian					Uintan							39.7
				Lutetian					Uintan							41.2
				Lutetian					Bridgerian							46.2
				Ypresian					Bridgerian							47.8
									Wasatchian							50.5
									Clarkforkian							54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Clarkforkian							56
				Thanetian					Tiffanian							56.2
				Selandian					Tiffanian							59.2
				Selandian					Torrejonian							60.9
				Danian					Torrejonian							61.6
				Danian					Puercan							63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
			Wuchiapingian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian		Urzhumian	264.28
			Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
			Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
					Filipovian	276.5 *
					Saraninian	280.1 *
			Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
					Irginian	285.9 *
					Burtsevian	287.8 *
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
					Uskalykian	294.8
					Surenian	297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian			Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani		433.4
			Telychian			Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju		Porkuni		443.8
			Katian					Pirgu		445.2
								Vormsi		449.6 *
								Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
						Viru		Rakvere			450.6 *
								Oandu			452 *
			Sandbian					Keila		Idavere †	453
								Haljala			453.9
								Kukruse			456.4 *
								Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku			458.4
								Lasnamagi			458.9 *
								Aseri			460.4 *
						Oeland		Kunda			462.9 *
								Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian					Volkhov				467.3
Billingen			Dapingian					469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
								Latorp †			470.1 *
Hunneberg											473.7 *
Hunneberg			Tremadocian								477.7
Varangu											481.3 *
Pakerort											482.2 *
Pakerort	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
												Festiniogian	489.2 *
			Jiangshanian									Festiniogian	489.5
			Jiangshanian									Maentwrogian	493.1 *
			Paibian									Maentwrogian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								St Davids		497
			Guzhangian										Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian											500.5
			Wuliuan											504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai	Branchian						509
			Stage 3		Branchian						514
			Stage 3		Placentian						517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635