PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Central Paratethys Stages	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian					Pannonian					7.246
		Serravallian					Sarmatian					11.63
		Serravallian					Badenian					12.8 *
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Senonian				66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Gallic				100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian						Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian										264.28
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian										293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
		Kasimovian										303.7
		Moscovian										307
		Bashkirian										315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
		Visean										330.9
		Tournaisian										346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian		Pirgu		Rawtheyan	445.2
						Cautleyan	448.9 *
						Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †		449.6 *
				Nabala					Johvi †	450 *
			Viru	Rakvere						450.6 *
				Rakvere		Cheneyan				451.5 *
				Oandu		Cheneyan				452 *
				Oandu		Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian		Keila					Idavere †	453
				Keila			Actonian †			453.2 *
				Haljala			Actonian †			453.9
							Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †				455.2 *
				Kukruse				456.4 *
						Aurelucian		456.8 *
							Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
				Uhaku			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
				Lasnamagi						458.9 *
				Aseri						460.4 *
				Aseri		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
			Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
				Kunda					Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
				Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian									467.3
					Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
				Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
									Latorp †		470.1 *
						Whitlandian					471.1 *
				Hunneberg		Whitlandian					473.7 *
						Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
						Cressagian					480.8 *
				Varangu							481.3 *
				Pakerort							482.2 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									486.3 *
												486.5