International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
  • M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
  • F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
  • J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
  • Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127688 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleOrdovician of the BalticMammal Paleogene ZonesObsolete Names for ICS UnitsMesozoic SubagesAmmonite Chrons of Northwest EuropeDevonian SubagesObsolete Precambrian AgesTen Million Year BinsNeogene Mammal Ages of ChinaPermian of North America
PhanerozoicCenozoicQuaternaryHoloceneMeghalayanCenozoic 60
Northgrippian0.0042
Greenlandian0.0082
PleistoceneLate PleistoceneNihewanian0.0117
Chibanian0.129
Calabrian0.774
Gelasian1.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianTertiary †Yushean2.58
Zanclean3.6
Baodean4.9
MioceneMessinian5.333
Tortonian7.246
Tunggurian11.1
SerravallianCenozoic 511.63
LanghianShanwangian13.82
Burdigalian15.98
Xiejiaan16.9
Aquitanian20.44
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianMP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26MP 25Cenozoic 423.03
RupelianMP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 2127.82
EocenePriabonianMP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17ACenozoic 333.9
BartonianMP 1637.71
LutetianMP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11Cenozoic 241.2
YpresianMP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 747.8
PaleoceneThanetianMP 6MP 1 - 5Cenozoic 156
Selandian59.2
Danian61.6
MesozoicCretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtianLate Maastrichtian/Early MaastrichtianCretaceous 866
CampanianLate Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early CampanianCretaceous 772.1
SantonianLate Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early SantonianCretaceous 683.6
ConiacianLate Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian86.3
TuronianLate Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian89.8
CenomanianLate Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early CenomanianCretaceous 593.9
Early CretaceousAlbianLate AlbianCretaceous 4100.5
Middle Albian106.2 *
Early Albian109.9 *
AptianLate AptianCretaceous 3113
Early Aptian119.5 *
BarremianLate Barremian/Early BarremianCretaceous 2121.4
HauterivianLate Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian125.77
ValanginianLate Valanginian/Early ValanginianCretaceous 1132.6
BerriasianLate Berriasian139.8
Middle Berriasian140.6 *
Early Berriasian142.7 *
JurassicLate JurassicTithonianLate TithonianMiddle TithonianJurassic 6145
Early Tithonian146.3 *
KimmeridgianLate KimmeridgianJurassic 5149.2
Early Kimmeridgian152.2 *
OxfordianLate OxfordianMiddle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian154.8
157.9 *
Middle JurassicCallovianLate Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian161.5
BathonianLate Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early BathonianJurassic 4165.3
BajocianLate BajocianParkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites168.2
Humphresianum168.4
Early Bajocian168.6 *
AalenianLate Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early AalenianConcavum/Murchisonae/OpalinumJurassic 3170.9
Early JurassicToarcianLate ToarcianLevesquei/Variabilis/BifronsThouarsense174.7
180.1
Middle Toarcian180.4 *
Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum182
Early Toarcian182.9 *
PliensbachianLate Pliensbachian/Early PliensbachianSpinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/JamesoniJurassic 2184.2
SinemurianLate Sinemurian/Early SinemurianRaricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/BucklandiJurassic 1192.9
HettangianLate Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early HettangianAngulata/Liasicus/Planorbis199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetianTriassic 4201.4
NorianSevatian208.5
Alaunian213.2 *
Lacian216.7 *
CarnianTuvalianTriassic 3227
Julian233.4 *
Middle TriassicLadinianLongobardianTriassic 2237
Fassanian239.7 *
AnisianIllyrian242
Pelsonian243.8 *
Bithynian244.7 *
Aegean245.5 *
Early TriassicOlenekianSpathianTriassic 1247.2
Smithian248.9 *
InduanDienerian251.2
Griesbachian251.4 *
PaleozoicPermianLopingianChanghsingianPermian 4251.902
WuchiapingianLongtanian †254.14
GuadalupianCapitanianCapitanian259.51
WordianWordian264.28
RoadianPermian 3Roadian266.9
CisuralianKungurianPermian 2LeonardianCathedralian273.01
Hessian281.9 *
Artinskian283.5
WolfcampianLenoxian286.1 *
Sakmarian290.1
AsselianPermian 1Nealian293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelianCarboniferous 5298.9
Kasimovian303.7
MoscovianCarboniferous 4307
Bashkirian315.2
MississippianSerpukhovianCarboniferous 3323.2
ViseanCarboniferous 2330.9
TournaisianCarboniferous 1346.7
DevonianLate DevonianFamennianLate FamennianDevonian 5358.9
Middle Famennian365.3 *
Early Famennian368.5 *
FrasnianLate FrasnianDevonian 4372.2
Middle Frasnian375.4 *
Early Frasnian379.3 *
Middle DevonianGivetianLate GivetianDevonian 3382.7
Middle Givetian383.7 *
Early Givetian385.9 *
EifelianLate Eifelian387.7
Early Eifelian390.3 *
Early DevonianEmsianLate EmsianDevonian 2393.3
Early Emsian398.3 *
PragianPragianDevonian 1407.6
LochkovianLate Lochkovian410.8
Middle Lochkovian412.8 *
Early Lochkovian415.6 *
SilurianPridoliSilurian 2419.2
LudlowLudfordian423
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerian427.4
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychianSilurian 1433.4
Aeronian438.5
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantianHarjuPorkuniOrdovician 5443.8
KatianPirgu445.2
Vormsi449.6 *
NabalaJohvi †450 *
ViruRakvere450.6 *
Oandu452 *
SandbianKeilaIdavere †Ordovician 4453
Haljala453.9
Kukruse456.4 *
UhakuAluoja †457.5 *
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilianOrdovician 3458.4
Lasnamagi458.9 *
Aseri460.4 *
OelandKunda462.9 *
Valaste †/Hunderum464.3 *
VolkhovLangevoja †/Vaana/Saka467.1 *
DapingianOrdovician 2467.3
Billingen469.3 *
Early OrdovicianFloian470
Latorp †470.1 *
Hunneberg473.7 *
TremadocianOrdovician 1477.7
Varangu481.3 *
Pakerort482.2 *
CambrianFurongianStage 10Cambrian 5485.4
486.3 *
486.5
Jiangshanian489.5
Paibian494
MiaolingianGuzhangianSeries 3 †Cambrian 4497
Drumian500.5
WuliuanStage 5 †Cambrian 3504.5
Series 2Stage 4509
Stage 3Cambrian 2514
TerreneuvianStage 2521
FortunianCambrian 1529
ProterozoicNeoproterozoicEdiacaranVendian †Poundian †538.8
Wonokan †571.7 *
635