PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of the Baltic				Mammal Paleogene Zones		North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of North America		Ordovician of China			Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Saintaugustinean							Wanganui	Haweran		0
				Meghalayan							Santarosean										0.0004
				Northgrippian																	0.0042
				Greenlandian																	0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
				Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean										0.014
				Chibanian							Rancholabrean										0.129
											Irvingtonian										0.21
																			Castlecliffian		0.34
				Calabrian																	0.774
											Blancan										1.4
																			Nukumaruan		1.63
				Gelasian															Nukumaruan		1.8
				Gelasian															Mangapanian		2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															Mangapanian		2.58
				Piacenzian															Waipipian		3
				Zanclean															Waipipian		3.6
																			Opoitian		3.7
											Hemphillian								Opoitian		4.7
			Miocene	Messinian														Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
				Messinian															Tongaporutuan		7.2
				Tortonian																Pannonian	7.246
											Clarendonian										9.4
																		Southland	Waiauan		11.04
				Serravallian																Sarmatian	11.63
											Barstovian									Sarmatian	12.5
																				Badenian	12.8 *
																			Lillburnian	Badenian	13.05
				Langhian															Lillburnian		13.82
																			Clifdenian		15.1
																		Pareora	Altonian		15.9
				Burdigalian																	15.98
											Hemingfordian										16.3
											Arikareean										18.5
																			Otaian		18.7
				Aquitanian															Otaian		20.44
				Aquitanian														Landon	Waitakian		21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25									Waitakian		23.03
																			Duntroonian		25.2
																			Whaingaroan		27.3
				Rupelian					MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21												27.82
											Whitneyan										29.5
											Orellan										31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian					MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Chadronian										33.9
																		Arnold	Runangan		34.6
																			Kaiatan		36.7
											Duchesnean										37
				Bartonian					MP 16												37.71
																			Bortonian		39.1
											Uintan										39.7
				Lutetian					MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11												41.2
																		Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
																			Heretaungan		45.7
											Bridgerian										46.2
				Ypresian					MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7												47.8
																			Mangaorapan		48.9
											Wasatchian								Mangaorapan		50.5
											Wasatchian								Waipawan		52
											Clarkforkian								Waipawan		54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian					MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Clarkforkian								Teurian		56
				Thanetian					MP 6		Tiffanian										56.2
				Selandian							Tiffanian										59.2
				Selandian							Torrejonian										60.9
				Danian							Torrejonian										61.6
Puercan	63.8			Danian
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Senonian	Mata	Haumurian		66
			Campanian					Haumurian		72.1
			Santonian					Piripauan		83.6
			Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
			Coniacian							86.3
			Turonian							89.8
								Mangaotanean		90.5
								Arowhanan		93.7
			Cenomanian					Arowhanan		93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
								Motuan		99.5
		Early Cretaceous	Albian			Gallic		Motuan		100.5
								Urutawan		103.3
							Taitai	Korangan		108.4
			Aptian					Korangan		113
			Aptian							117.5
			Barremian							121.4
			Hauterivian			Neocomian				125.77
			Valanginian							132.6
			Berriasian							139.8
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
			Kimmeridgian							149.2
			Oxfordian							154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
			Bathonian							165.3
			Bajocian							168.2
			Aalenian							170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
			Pliensbachian							184.2
			Sinemurian							192.9
			Hettangian							199.5
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
			Norian							208.5
			Carnian							227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian							Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian							Wordian	264.28
			Roadian							Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian							Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian								Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian								Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian							Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian								Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian								Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
			Kasimovian									303.7
			Moscovian									307
			Bashkirian									315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
			Visean									330.9
			Tournaisian									346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni				Hirnantian			Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian		Pirgu				Chientangkiangian				Wufeng †	445.2
					Pirgu				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
					Vormsi									449.6 *
					Nabala									Johvi †	450 *
				Viru	Rakvere										450.6 *
					Oandu										452 *
			Sandbian		Keila									Idavere †	453
					Haljala			453.9
					Kukruse			456.4 *
					Uhaku			Aluoja †						457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku				Darriwilian			Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
					Lasnamagi									458.9 *
					Aseri	460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda	462.9 *
						Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
					Volkhov							Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian		Volkhov				Dapingian				467.3
			Dapingian		Billingen				Dapingian				469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Yiyangian				470
						Latorp †							470.1 *
					Hunneberg								473.7 *
			Tremadocian						Xinchangian				477.7
								Lianghekou †					477.9 *
					Varangu								481.3 *
					Pakerort								482.2 *
													Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
Jiangshanian			489.5
			Aksaian										490.7 *
			Sakian										492.2 *
Paibian													494
Paibian													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian												497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian												499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian												500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan												504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan												509
			Toyonian										Lenian †		510 *
			Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian							514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian								515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian								521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian							Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †		Poundian †				538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †		Wonokan †				571.7 *
																					635