PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of the Baltic				Obsolete Precambrian Ages		North American Land Mammal Ages	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Saintaugustinean				0
				Meghalayan							Santarosean				0.0004
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean				0.014
				Chibanian							Rancholabrean				0.129
				Chibanian							Irvingtonian				0.21
				Calabrian							Irvingtonian				0.774
				Calabrian							Blancan				1.4
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
				Zanclean											3.6
				Zanclean							Hemphillian				4.7
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Tortonian							Clarendonian				9.4
				Serravallian							Clarendonian				11.63
				Serravallian							Barstovian				12.5
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
											Hemingfordian				16.3
											Arikareean				18.5
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
				Rupelian											27.82
											Whitneyan				29.5
											Orellan				31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian							Chadronian				33.9
				Priabonian							Duchesnean				37
				Bartonian							Duchesnean				37.71
				Bartonian							Uintan				39.7
				Lutetian							Uintan				41.2
				Lutetian							Bridgerian				46.2
				Ypresian							Bridgerian				47.8
											Wasatchian				50.5
											Clarkforkian				54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Clarkforkian				56
				Thanetian							Tiffanian				56.2
				Selandian							Tiffanian				59.2
				Selandian							Torrejonian				60.9
				Danian							Torrejonian				61.6
				Danian							Puercan				63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian	Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian	Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian	Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian	Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian	Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian	Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Chesterian	330.9
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian		Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian					Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
								Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian					Keila	Idavere †	453
								Haljala		453.9
								Kukruse		456.4 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku		458.4
								Lasnamagi		458.9 *
								Aseri		460.4 *
							Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
								Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian					Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian					Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
									Latorp †		470.1 *
								Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian					Hunneberg			477.7
								Varangu			481.3 *
								Pakerort			482.2 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Pakerort			485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
Jiangshanian			489.5
Paibian			494
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	509
Series 2		Stage 3	514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
		Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												1000
		Ectasian												1200
		Calymmian												1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian												1600
		Orosirian												1800
		Rhyacian												2050
		Siderian												2300
Archean	Neoarchean													2500
	Mesoarchean													2800
	Paleoarchean			3200
	Eoarchean			3600
Hadean				4000
															4600