PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128338 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of the Baltic				Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Devonian of France	Silurian of North America			Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																			Nihewanian	0.0117
				Chibanian																				0.129
				Calabrian																				0.774
				Gelasian																				1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †						Yushean	2.58
				Zanclean																			Yushean	3.6
				Zanclean																			Baodean	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian																				5.333
				Tortonian																				7.246
				Tortonian																			Tunggurian	11.1
				Serravallian																			Tunggurian	11.63
				Langhian																			Shanwangian	13.82
				Burdigalian																			Shanwangian	15.98
				Burdigalian																			Xiejiaan	16.9
				Aquitanian																			Xiejiaan	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																				33.9
				Bartonian																				37.71
				Lutetian																				41.2
				Ypresian																				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																				56
				Selandian																				59.2
				Danian																				61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																				66
				Campanian																				72.1
				Santonian																				83.6
				Coniacian																				86.3
				Turonian																				89.8
				Cenomanian																				93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																				100.5
				Aptian																				113
				Barremian																				121.4
				Hauterivian																				125.77
				Valanginian																				132.6
				Berriasian																				139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																				145
				Kimmeridgian																				149.2
				Oxfordian																				154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
				Bathonian																				165.3
				Bajocian																				168.2
				Aalenian																				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																				174.7
				Pliensbachian																				184.2
				Sinemurian																				192.9
				Hettangian																				199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																				201.4
				Norian																				208.5
				Carnian																				227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																				237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																				242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																				247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																				251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Melekhovian													251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														Longtanian †						254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																				259.51
				Wordian																				264.28
				Wordian							Noginskian													264.9 *
				Roadian																				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																				273.01
				Kungurian							Pavlovoposadian													276.8 *
				Artinskian							Pavlovoposadian													283.5
				Artinskian							Rusavkinian													287.6 *
Sakmarian				290.1
Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian	303.7
					Khamovnikian	304.8
					Krevyakinian	305.8 *
			Moscovian	Myachkovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
				Podolskian		308.9 *
				Kashirian		311.4 *
				Vereian		313.8
				Melekessian		314.8
			Bashkirian	Melekessian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
				Cheremshanian		316.9 *
				Prikamian		318.6 *
				Severokeltmian		319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
				Voznesenian		321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	Late Mississippian	323.2
				Protvian		324.4 *
				Steshevian		326.8 *
				Tarusian		329 *
			Visean	Venevian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
				Mikhailovian		331.9 *
				Aleksinian		333.7 *
				Tulian		335.8 *
				Bobrikian		339.9 *
				Radaevkian		343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian	Early Mississippian	346.7
				Kizelian		350.7 *
				Cherepetian		351.9 *
				Karakubian		354.4 *
				Upinian		356.3 *
				Malevkian		357.6 *
				Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Pragian		Coblencien		408.2 *
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Cayugan	419.2
		Pridoli					Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju				Porkuni				Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Vormsi				Kralodvorian		449.6 *
							Vormsi				Berounian		449.7 *
							Nabala						Johvi †	450 *
			Viru				Rakvere							450.6 *
							Oandu							452 *
		Sandbian					Keila						Idavere †	453
							Haljala							453.9
							Haljala							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Kukruse									456.4 *
							Uhaku						Aluoja †			457.5 *
												Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian														458.4
											Dobrotivian					458.5 *
							Lasnamagi				Dobrotivian					458.9 *
							Lasnamagi				Oretanian					459.7 *
							Aseri									460.4 *
							Aseri					Sarka †				461.7 *
			Oeland				Kunda									462.9 *
							Kunda						Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
							Volkhov									Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian										Klabava †					467.3
											Arenigian						468
							Billingen										469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian															470
													Latorp †				470.1 *
							Hunneberg										473.7 *
		Tremadocian					Hunneberg				Tremadocian						477.7
							Varangu										481.3 *
							Pakerort										482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Pakerort										Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
																		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian																Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian																Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian																Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian															Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian																Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan																Stage 5 †		Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan																Stage 5 †		Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4																	Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
		Stage 4																		Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3		514																Dyeran
				Montezuman		514.8 *
				Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																	Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																	Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																								635