PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of the Baltic				Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of China			Permian of North America		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Chibanian														Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian														Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian														Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian														Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian														Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Mangapanian	2.58
				Piacenzian														Waipipian	3
				Zanclean														Waipipian	3.6
				Zanclean														Opoitian	3.7
			Miocene	Messinian													Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian														Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian														Tongaporutuan	7.246
				Tortonian													Southland	Waiauan	11.04
				Serravallian														Waiauan	11.63
				Serravallian														Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian														Lillburnian	13.82
																		Clifdenian	15.1
																	Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian														Altonian	15.98
				Burdigalian														Otaian	18.7
				Aquitanian														Otaian	20.44
				Aquitanian													Landon	Waitakian	21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														Waitakian	23.03
																		Duntroonian	25.2
																		Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
																	Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																		Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian														Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian														Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian														Bortonian	41.2
																	Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																		Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian														Heretaungan	47.8
																		Mangaorapan	48.9
																		Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian														Teurian	56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian														Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian														Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian													Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
																		Mangaotanean	90.5
																		Arowhanan	93.7
				Cenomanian														Arowhanan	93.9
																	Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
																		Motuan	99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														Motuan	100.5
																		Urutawan	103.3
																	Taitai	Korangan	108.4
				Aptian														Korangan	113
				Aptian															117.5
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian		Wordian	264.28
			Roadian		Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian			Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian			Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian			Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian			Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian	393.3
			Pragian						Siegen	407.6
			Pragian				Coblencien		Siegen	408.2 *
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine		Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Harju	Porkuni	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian								Pirgu	Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
											Pirgu	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
											Vormsi				449.6 *
											Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
											Oandu					452 *
			Sandbian								Keila				Idavere †	453
											Haljala					453.9
											Kukruse					456.4 *
											Uhaku				Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Uhaku	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
				Lasnamagi							458.9 *
				Aseri							460.4 *
				Oeland						Kunda	462.9 *
											Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
													Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
										Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian							Volkhov		Dapingian				467.3
			Dapingian							Billingen		Dapingian				469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian									Yiyangian				470
											Latorp †					470.1 *
										Hunneberg						473.7 *
			Tremadocian									Xinchangian				477.7
														Lianghekou †		477.9 *
										Varangu						481.3 *
										Pakerort						482.2 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Pakerort						485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
Jiangshanian			489.5
Paibian			494
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	497
		Guzhangian	Arcadian													498.4
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Branchian													509
		Stage 3	Branchian													514
		Stage 3	Placentian													517.1
Terreneuvian		Stage 2														521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian														529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian											538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian				Karatau											800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau											1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian											1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian											1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan		1375
																			1400