PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of the Baltic				Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of Australia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran			0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Chibanian								Castlecliffian			0.34
				Calabrian								Castlecliffian			0.774
				Calabrian								Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian								Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian								Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian			2.58
				Piacenzian								Waipipian			3
				Zanclean								Waipipian			3.6
				Zanclean								Opoitian			3.7
			Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
				Messinian								Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian								Tongaporutuan	Pannonian		7.246
				Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan	Pannonian		11.04
				Serravallian									Sarmatian		11.63
													Badenian		12.8 *
												Lillburnian	Badenian		13.05
				Langhian								Lillburnian			13.82
												Clifdenian			15.1
											Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian								Altonian			15.98
				Burdigalian								Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian								Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian			23.03
												Duntroonian			25.2
												Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
											Arnold	Runangan			34.6
												Kaiatan			36.7
				Bartonian								Kaiatan			37.71
				Bartonian								Bortonian			39.1
				Lutetian								Bortonian			41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
												Heretaungan			45.7
				Ypresian								Heretaungan			47.8
												Mangaorapan			48.9
												Waipawan			52
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian			56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Mata	Haumurian			66
				Campanian								Haumurian			72.1
				Santonian								Piripauan			83.6
				Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
												Mangaotanean			90.5
												Arowhanan			93.7
				Cenomanian								Arowhanan			93.9
											Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
												Motuan			99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								Motuan			100.5
												Urutawan			103.3
											Taitai	Korangan			108.4
				Aptian								Korangan			113
				Aptian											117.5
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian			Pirgu	445.2
						Vormsi	449.6 *
						Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
					Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
						Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian			Keila	Idavere †	453
						Haljala		453.9
						Kukruse		456.4 *
						Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku		458.4
						Lasnamagi		458.9 *
						Aseri		460.4 *
					Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
						Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
				Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
			Dapingian	Volkhov				467.3
			Dapingian	Billingen				469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
						Latorp †		470.1 *
				Hunneberg				473.7 *
			Tremadocian	Hunneberg				477.7
				Varangu				481.3 *
				Pakerort				482.2 *
								Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
								Payntonian				486.8 *
			Jiangshanian					Iverian				489.5
									Aksaian			490.7 *
									Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian					Idamean				494
Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			Paibian					Idamean			494.7 *
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Mindyallan					Ayusokkanian			497
			Boomerangian					Ayusokkanian			499
			Boomerangian					Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian	Undillan								500.5
		Drumian	Floran								503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian					Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian								507.8 *
Series 2		Stage 4									509
								Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
								Toyonian			510.8 *
								Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian			514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian			515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2						Tommotian			521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian						Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian									Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau			1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan			1375
															1400