PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of the Baltic			Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Units	Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Silurian of North America			Carboniferous of North America	Silurian of England		Central Paratethys Stages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene										0.129
				Calabrian				Early Pleistocene										0.774
				Gelasian				Early Pleistocene										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene	Villanyian									2.58
				Piacenzian				Late Pliocene	Ruscinian									3.1 *
				Zanclean				Early Pliocene	Ruscinian									3.6
			Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene	Turolian									5.333
				Tortonian					Turolian								Pannonian	7.246
				Tortonian					Vallesian								Pannonian	8.7
				Serravallian				Middle Miocene	Astaracian								Sarmatian	11.63
				Serravallian													Badenian	12.8 *
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian				Early Miocene	Orleanian									15.98
				Burdigalian					Agenian									20
				Aquitanian					Agenian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene										33.9
				Bartonian				Middle Eocene										37.71
				Lutetian				Middle Eocene										41.2
				Ypresian				Early Eocene										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene										56
				Selandian				Middle Paleocene										59.2
				Danian				Early Paleocene										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
				Wordian														264.28
				Roadian														266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
				Artinskian														283.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian										Bursumian †				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian	Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian	Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian	Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian	Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian	Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian	Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Chesterian	330.9
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
			Pragian		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Cayugan	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine		419.2
					Cayugan		Bringewood/Elton		421.3
					Niagaran		Bringewood/Elton		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
			Gorstian						425.6
			Gorstian				Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas	Lockportian	427.4
			Homerian			Wych	Woolhope	Lockportian	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	433.4
			Telychian						436.3 *
			Aeronian						438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
					Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni					443.8
			Katian			Pirgu					445.2
						Vormsi					449.6 *
						Nabala					Johvi †	450 *
					Viru	Rakvere						450.6 *
						Oandu						452 *
			Sandbian			Keila					Idavere †	453
						Haljala						453.9
						Kukruse						456.4 *
						Uhaku					Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku						458.4
						Lasnamagi						458.9 *
						Aseri						460.4 *
					Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
						Kunda					Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian			Volkhov							467.3
			Dapingian			Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
			Latorp †									470.1 *
						Hunneberg						473.7 *
		Tremadocian				Hunneberg						477.7
						Varangu						481.3 *
						Pakerort						482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort						485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
	Series 2	Stage 3										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635