PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Silurian Ages of Europe	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Lancian/Edmontonian					66
				Campanian						Judithian/Aquilan					72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								Vokhmian			247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan								Vokhmian			251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			259.51
				Wordian								Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
				Roadian								Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian											283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
				Kasimovian											303.7
				Moscovian											307
				Bashkirian											315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian											323.2
				Visean											330.9
				Tournaisian											346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian										Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian										Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian										Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian										Emsian	393.3
				Pragian										Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian										Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli												419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
			Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian									Gleedonian		427.4
				Homerian									Whitwellian		429.7 *
				Sheinwoodian											430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian											433.4
				Aeronian											438.5
				Rhuddanian											440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni									443.8
				Katian		Pirgu									445.2
Vormsi						449.6 *
Nabala						Johvi †	450 *
Viru					Rakvere		450.6 *
					Oandu		452 *
				Sandbian	Keila	Idavere †	453
					Haljala		453.9
					Kukruse		456.4 *
					Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Uhaku		458.4
					Lasnamagi		458.9 *
					Aseri		460.4 *
Oeland					Kunda		462.9 *
					Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
					Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
				Dapingian	Volkhov			467.3
				Dapingian	Billingen			469.3 *
			Early Ordovician	Floian				470
						Latorp †		470.1 *
					Hunneberg			473.7 *
				Tremadocian	Hunneberg			Ungurian	477.7
					Varangu				481.3 *
					Pakerort				482.2 *
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Pakerort			Batyrbaian	485.4
									486.3 *
									486.5
				Jiangshanian					489.5
								Aksaian	490.7 *
								Sakian	492.2 *
				Paibian				Sakian	494
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian	497
	Arcadian							Ayusokkanian	498.4
									499.5
				Drumian				Zhanaarykian	500.5
				Drumian				Tuesaian	503
				Wuliuan				Tuesaian	504.5
				Wuliuan					505.3
	Series 2		Stage 4	Branchian					509
								Toyonian	510 *
								Botomian	512.5 *
			Stage 3					Botomian	514
								Atdabanian	515.6 *
				Placentian				Atdabanian	517.1
	Terreneuvian		Stage 2					Tommotian	521
			Stage 2						525.5
			Fortunian						529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian									635
			Tonian									720
			Tonian								Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
			Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
															1400