PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of the Baltic			Cambrian of North America		Silurian of England		Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of China						European Faunal Zones
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian															MN 17	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															MN 16	2.58
				Piacenzian															MN 15	3.2
				Zanclean															MN 15	3.6
																			MN 14	4.2
																			MN 13	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian															MN 13	5.333
				Tortonian								Pannonian							MN 12	7.246
																			MN 11	7.75
																			MN 10	8.7
																			MN 9	9.7
																			MN 7 + 8	11.1
				Serravallian								Sarmatian							MN 7 + 8	11.63
				Serravallian								Badenian							MN 6	12.8 *
				Langhian															MN 5	13.82
				Burdigalian															MN 4	15.98
																			MN 3	16.9
																			MN 2	20
				Aquitanian															MN 2	20.44
				Aquitanian															MN 1	22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
				Wordian																264.28
				Roadian																266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Ohesaare	419.2
					Bringewood/Elton	Ohesaare	421.3
					Bringewood/Elton	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian				425.6
			Gorstian		Buildwas		426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian		Buildwas	Rootsikula	427.4
				Wych	Woolhope	Rootsikula	428.4 *
						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
						Adavere	434 *
							436.3 *
			Aeronian				438.5
				Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
						Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju		Porkuni		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian			Pirgu			Gamachian	445.2
						Pirgu			Richmondian	446 *
						Vormsi			Richmondian	449.6 *
						Vormsi			Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Nabala			Maysvillian		Johvi †	450 *
						Nabala			Edenian			450.4 *
				Viru		Rakvere			Edenian			450.6 *
						Rakvere		Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
						Oandu						452 *
			Sandbian			Keila					Idavere †	453
						Keila			Turinian			453.7 *
						Haljala						453.9
						Kukruse						456.4 *
						Kukruse		Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
						Uhaku					Aluoja †		457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku							458.4
						Lasnamagi							458.9 *
						Aseri							460.4 *
				Oeland		Kunda							462.9 *
						Kunda					Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
	Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka							467.1 *
			Dapingian										467.3
									Rangerian				469.1 *
	Billingen								Rangerian				469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
						Latorp †								470.1 *
	Hunneberg													473.7 *
									Tulean					473.9 *
			Tremadocian						Tulean					477.7
									Stairsian					480.3 *
	Varangu								Stairsian					481.3 *
	Varangu								Skullrockian				Demingian †	482 *
	Pakerort												Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Pakerort	Furongian	Stage 10							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Late Cambrian	485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
								Sunwaptan								487.5
			Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan				Jiangshanian				489.5
			Jiangshanian					Steptoean				Jiangshanian				493 *
			Paibian									Paibian				494
			Paibian									Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Marjumian		Albertian †		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Middle Cambrian		497
			Drumian					Marjumian				Drumian	Wangcunian †			500.5
			Wuliuan					Topazan				Wuliuan/Taijangian				504.5
			Wuliuan					Delamaran				Wuliuan/Taijangian				506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran		Waucoban †		Duyunian		Early Cambrian		509
			Stage 4					Dyeran				Duyunian				511 *
			Stage 3					Dyeran				Nangaoian				514
								Montezuman								514.8 *
								Begadean								519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Meishucunian				521
			Fortunian									Meishucunian				529
			Fortunian									Jinnigian				530.7
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																				635