PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Central Paratethys Stages	Carboniferous of North America	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of Eastern North America		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		Tarantian	0.0117
		Chibanian																		Ionian	0.129
		Calabrian																			0.774
		Gelasian																			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																			5.333
		Tortonian									Pannonian										7.246
		Serravallian									Sarmatian										11.63
		Serravallian									Badenian										12.8 *
		Langhian																			13.82
		Burdigalian																			15.98
		Aquitanian																			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																			33.9
		Bartonian																			37.71
		Lutetian																			41.2
		Ypresian																			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																			56
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																			66
		Campanian																			72.1
		Santonian																			83.6
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
		Cenomanian																			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																			100.5
		Aptian																			113
		Barremian																			121.4
		Hauterivian																			125.77
		Valanginian																			132.6
		Berriasian																			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																			145
		Kimmeridgian																			149.2
		Oxfordian																			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																			161.5
		Bathonian																			165.3
		Bajocian																			168.2
		Aalenian																			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																			174.7
		Pliensbachian																			184.2
		Sinemurian																			192.9
		Hettangian																			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																			201.4
		Norian																			208.5
		Carnian																			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														Longtanian †					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																			259.51
		Wordian																			264.28
		Roadian																			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																			273.01
		Artinskian																			283.5
		Sakmarian																			290.1
		Asselian										Bursumian †									293.52
		Asselian										Bursumian †	Kuzel								297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										Virgilian	Kuzel								298.9
													Stephanian	Stephanian C							300.3 *
			Stephanian B	300.9 *
			Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian	Stephanian A	Missourian	303.7
			Cantabrian	Missourian	305 *
				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian			307
			Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
					Westphalian C	309.8
				Atokan	Westphalian C	312.7 *
					Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian			Westphalian B	315.2
					Westphalian A	317 *
				Morrowan	Westphalian A	318.4 *
			Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
					Marsdenian	320.2 *
					Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
					Alportian	322 *
					Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian	Chokierian	323.2
					Arnsbergian	324 *
					Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
			Warnantian	Meramecian	Brigantian †	335.8 *
			Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
			Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Moliniacian	Osagean	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian	Osagean		346.7
			Ivorian	Kinderhookian		351.9 *
			Hastarian	Kinderhookian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian							Pirgu	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
									Vormsi	Kralodvorian		449.6 *
									Vormsi	Berounian		449.7 *
									Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
								Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
									Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian							Keila			Idavere †	453
									Haljala				453.9
									Haljala				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Kukruse						456.4 *
									Uhaku			Aluoja †			457.5 *
											Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
										Dobrotivian					458.5 *
									Lasnamagi	Dobrotivian					458.9 *
									Lasnamagi	Oretanian					459.7 *
									Aseri						460.4 *
									Aseri		Sarka †				461.7 *
								Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
									Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
									Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian									Klabava †					467.3
										Arenigian						468
									Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian														470
												Latorp †				470.1 *
									Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian							Hunneberg	Tremadocian						477.7
									Varangu							481.3 *
									Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Pakerort							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
																	Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian															Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian															Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian															Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian														Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian															Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan															Stage 5 †		Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan															Stage 5 †		Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4																Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
		Stage 4																	Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3																	Dyeran	514
																			Montezuman	514.8 *
					Begadean														519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian																	529
																					538.8