PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic					Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of Australia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of West Avalonia	European Faunal Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Chibanian												Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian												Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian												Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian												Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian												Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Mangapanian		Villanyian	2.58
														Waipipian		Villanyian	3
																Ruscinian	3.1 *
		Zanclean															3.6
		Zanclean												Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian											Taranaki	Kapitean		Turolian	5.333
		Messinian												Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian															7.246
																Vallesian	8.7
													Southland	Waiauan		Vallesian	11.04
		Serravallian												Waiauan		Astaracian	11.63
		Serravallian												Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian												Lillburnian			13.82
														Clifdenian			15.1
													Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian												Altonian		Orleanian	15.98
														Otaian		Orleanian	18.7
																Agenian	20
		Aquitanian															20.44
		Aquitanian											Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Waitakian			23.03
														Duntroonian			25.2
														Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
													Arnold	Runangan			34.6
														Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian												Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian												Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian												Bortonian			41.2
													Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
														Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian												Heretaungan			47.8
														Mangaorapan			48.9
														Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Teurian			56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian												Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian												Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian											Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
														Mangaotanean			90.5
														Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian												Arowhanan			93.9
													Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
														Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												Motuan			100.5
														Urutawan			103.3
													Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian												Korangan			113
		Aptian															117.5
		Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian				425.6
		Gorstian			Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian		Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Telychian				436.3 *
		Aeronian				438.5
		Aeronian		Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju		Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian				Pirgu		Rawtheyan		445.2
								Cautleyan		448.9 *
								Cautleyan	Eastonian	449 *
								Pusgillian		449.3 *
						Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
						Nabala					Johvi †	450 *
				Viru		Rakvere						450.6 *
						Rakvere		Cheneyan				451.5 *
						Oandu		Cheneyan	Gisbornian			452 *
			Burrellian			Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian				Keila		Idavere †			453
						Keila				Actonian †	453.2 *
						Haljala				Actonian †	453.9
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
						Kukruse						456.4 *
			Aurelucian									456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
						Uhaku		Aluoja †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn			Uhaku	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			Darriwilian		458.4
						Lasnamagi						458.9 *
						Aseri						460.4 *
						Aseri	Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
				Oeland		Kunda						462.9 *
						Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
						Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian								Yapeenian			467.3
			Arenig				Fennian			Yapeenian			468.4 *
										Castlemainian			468.5 *
						Billingen				Castlemainian			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Chewtonian			470
								Latorp †					470.1 *
							Whitlandian						471.1 *
										Bendigonian			471.8 *
										Lancefieldian			473.5 *
						Hunneberg							473.7 *
							Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc				Migneintian						477.7
							Cressagian						480.8 *
						Varangu							481.3 *
						Pakerort							482.2 *
										Warendian			482.8 *
										Warendian			485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Datsonian				485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
										Payntonian				486.8 *
		Jiangshanian								Iverian				489.5
		Paibian								Idamean				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Mindyallan				497
										Mindyallan				Arcadian	498.4
										Boomerangian					499
		Drumian								Undillan					500.5
		Drumian								Floran					503
		Wuliuan								Templetonian					504.5
		Wuliuan								Ordian					507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4								Ordian				Branchian	509
		Stage 4													510.8 *
		Stage 3													514
		Stage 3			Placentian									517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																	538.8