PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127980 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Eastern North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran						0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Chibanian								Castlecliffian						0.34
				Calabrian								Castlecliffian						0.774
				Calabrian								Nukumaruan						1.63
				Gelasian								Nukumaruan						1.8
				Gelasian								Mangapanian						2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian						2.58
				Piacenzian								Waipipian						3
				Zanclean								Waipipian						3.6
				Zanclean								Opoitian						3.7
			Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
				Messinian								Tongaporutuan						7.2
				Tortonian								Tongaporutuan						7.246
				Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan						11.04
				Serravallian								Waiauan						11.63
				Serravallian								Lillburnian						13.05
				Langhian								Lillburnian						13.82
												Clifdenian						15.1
											Pareora	Altonian						15.9
				Burdigalian								Altonian						15.98
				Burdigalian								Otaian						18.7
				Aquitanian								Otaian						20.44
				Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian						21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian						23.03
												Duntroonian						25.2
												Whaingaroan						27.3
				Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
											Arnold	Runangan						34.6
												Kaiatan						36.7
				Bartonian								Kaiatan						37.71
				Bartonian								Bortonian						39.1
				Lutetian								Bortonian						41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
												Heretaungan						45.7
				Ypresian								Heretaungan						47.8
												Mangaorapan						48.9
												Waipawan						52
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian						56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Mata	Haumurian						66
				Campanian								Haumurian						72.1
				Santonian								Piripauan						83.6
				Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
												Mangaotanean						90.5
												Arowhanan						93.7
				Cenomanian								Arowhanan						93.9
											Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
												Motuan						99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								Motuan						100.5
												Urutawan						103.3
											Taitai	Korangan						108.4
				Aptian								Korangan						113
				Aptian														117.5
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
			Bajocian			Humphresianum	168.4
			Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		180.1
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
			Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
			Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
			Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean	Late Frasnian	372.2
								Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
								Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Late Givetian	382.7
									Middle Givetian	383.7 *
									Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian				Southwoodian		Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian				Southwoodian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian						Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian						Late Lochkovian	410.8
									Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian								Pirgu	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
				Vormsi							449.6 *	Kralodvorian
				Vormsi							Berounian	449.7 *
				Nabala								Johvi †		450 *
				Viru						Rakvere				450.6 *
										Oandu				452 *
			Sandbian							Keila		Idavere †		453
										Haljala				453.9
										Haljala				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Kukruse						456.4 *
						Uhaku				Aluoja †		457.5 *
												Liben †		458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
											Dobrotivian			458.5 *
						Lasnamagi					Dobrotivian			458.9 *
					Oretanian	Lasnamagi					459.7 *
						Aseri					460.4 *
						Aseri					Sarka †			461.7 *
				Oeland		Kunda								462.9 *
						Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
						Volkhov								Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian								Klabava †				467.3
Arenigian					468
					Billingen	469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
						Latorp †								470.1 *
					Hunneberg									473.7 *
Tremadocian			Tremadocian		Hunneberg									477.7
					Varangu									481.3 *
					Pakerort									482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort									485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian														Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian														Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian														Burzyan	1375
																		1400