PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128254 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian of China		Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Oteke	Puaroan						145
				Kimmeridgian									Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
													Kawhia	Ohauan						150
														Heterian						154.5
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Callovian										Temaikan						164.3
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Toarcian									Herangi	Ururoan						176
				Pliensbachian										Ururoan						184.2
				Pliensbachian										Aratauran						188.9
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
				Norian										Warepan						208.5
														Otamitan						217
														Oretian						221
				Carnian										Oretian						227
				Carnian									Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Kaihikuan						237
				Ladinian										Etalian						238
				Anisian										Etalian						242
				Anisian										Malakovian						246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										Malakovian						247.2
				Olenekian										Nelsonian						249
				Induan										Nelsonian						251.2
				Induan									DUrville	Makarewan						251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Makarewan			Dorashamian			251.902
				Changhsingian										Waiitian			Dorashamian			253.2
				Wuchiapingian										Waiitian			Dzhulfian			254.14
				Wuchiapingian										Puruhauan			Dzhulfian			254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									Aparima	Flettian			Midian			259.51
				Wordian										Flettian						264.28
														Barettian						266
																	Murgabian			266.2 *
				Roadian													Murgabian			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian													Kubergandian			273.01
														Mangapirian			Kubergandian			276
																	Bolorian			279.8
				Artinskian																283.5
														Telfordian						285
														Telfordian			Yakhtashian			286
																	Yakhtashian			288.5
				Sakmarian													Sakmarian			290.1
				Asselian													Asselian			293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Late Pennsylvanian								298.9
				Kasimovian								Late Pennsylvanian								303.7
				Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian								307
				Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian								315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Late Mississippian								323.2
				Visean								Middle Mississippian								330.9
				Tournaisian								Early Mississippian								346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian																372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko											382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec											387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian											393.3
				Pragian					Pragian											407.6
				Lochkovian					Lochkovian											410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli																	419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian																423
Gorstian			Ludlow	425.6
Wenlock			Homerian	427.4
Wenlock			Sheinwoodian	430.5
Llandovery			Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian		Pirgu	445.2
					Vormsi	449.6 *
					Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
				Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
					Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian		Keila	Idavere †	453
					Haljala		453.9
					Kukruse		456.4 *
					Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku		458.4
					Lasnamagi		458.9 *
					Aseri		460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
					Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
					Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian		Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian		Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
						Latorp †		470.1 *
					Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian		Hunneberg			477.7
					Varangu			481.3 *
					Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort	Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †		Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
											Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian					Festiniogian				489.5
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian					Maentwrogian				493.1 *
		Paibian				Paibian									494
		Paibian				Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian							494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian		Wangcunian †		St Davids					497
		Drumian				Drumian		Wangcunian †							500.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian				Caerfai					509
	Series 2	Stage 3				Nangaoian									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian									521
		Fortunian				Meishucunian									529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian							530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †		Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †		Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian															Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															Karatau	1000
		Stenian															Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian															Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian															Burzyan	1375
																				1400