PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of China	Cambrian of Britain		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ammonite Chrons of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units	Permian of the Salt Range
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Serravallian																		11.63
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian													Epizigzagiceras					168.2
		Bajocian													Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					168.4
		Aalenian													Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					174.7
															Planulata					179.3 *
															Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi			179.8 *
															Kanense					181.3 *
															Carlottense					182.3 *
															Kunae					183.5 *
		Pliensbachian													Kunae					184.2
															Freboldi					185.1 *
															Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras				186.2 *
																Tetraspidoceras				189.2 *
															Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis				190.3 *
		Sinemurian																		192.9
															Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras			196.4 *
															Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
		Hettangian													Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
		Induan																		251.2
		Induan																	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Meishanian											Kathwai	251.902
																				252.4 *
																			Chhidru	252.9 *
								Baoqingian												253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	Longtanian †	254.14
					Kalabagh	255 *
					Wargal	256 *
			Laibinian			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan			259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian			264.28
						265.3 *
					Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian			Amb	266.9
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian			273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian			283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian			285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian			290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian			298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian							Pirgu	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
									Vormsi	Kralodvorian		449.6 *
									Vormsi	Berounian		449.7 *
									Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
								Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
									Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian							Keila			Idavere †	453
									Haljala				453.9
									Haljala				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †				456.2 *
									Kukruse									456.4 *
									Uhaku			Aluoja †				457.5 *
											Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
										Dobrotivian					458.5 *
									Lasnamagi	Dobrotivian					458.9 *
									Lasnamagi	Oretanian					459.7 *
									Aseri						460.4 *
									Aseri		Sarka †				461.7 *
								Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
									Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
									Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian									Klabava †					467.3
										Arenigian						468
									Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian														470
												Latorp †				470.1 *
									Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian							Hunneberg	Tremadocian						477.7
				Varangu					481.3 *
				Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort						Merioneth		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan					485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
					Festiniogian							489.2 *
		Jiangshanian			Festiniogian							489.5
		Jiangshanian			Maentwrogian							493.1 *
		Paibian			Maentwrogian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			St Davids							Series 3 †					497
		Drumian															500.5
		Wuliuan															Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai														509
	Series 2	Stage 3															514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
																				538.8