PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Germany	South American Land Mammal Ages		Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of China			Devonian of Eastern North America		Central Paratethys Stages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Lujanian									0.0117
		Chibanian						Lujanian									0.129
		Chibanian						Ensenadan									0.3 *
		Calabrian						Ensenadan									0.774
		Calabrian						Sanandresian	Uquian †								1.7 *
		Gelasian						Sanandresian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Vorohuean									2.58
		Piacenzian						Chapadmalalan									2.9 *
		Zanclean						Chapadmalalan									3.6
								Montehermosan									3.7 *
								Huayquerian									4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian														Pannonian	7.246
								Chasicoan									7.9 *
								Mayoan									9.9 *
								Laventan									10.9 *
		Serravallian														Sarmatian	11.63
																Badenian	12.8 *
								Colloncuran								Badenian	13.7 *
		Langhian						Colloncuran									13.82
		Langhian						Friasian									15.4 *
		Burdigalian						Friasian									15.98
								Santacrucian									16.2 *
								Colhuehuapian									17.4 *
		Aquitanian						Colhuehuapian									20.44
		Aquitanian						Deseadan									20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
		Rupelian															27.82
		Rupelian						Tinguirirican									28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian						Tinguirirican									33.9
		Priabonian						Divisaderan									35.9 *
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Lutetian						Mustersan									41.9 *
		Ypresian						Mustersan									47.8
		Ypresian						Casamayoran									47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Riochican									56
								Itaboraian									56.9 *
								Peligran									58.9 *
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
		Danian						Tiupampan									62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Late Famennian	358.9
						Middle Famennian	365.3 *
						Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Adorf		West Fallsian/Sonyean	Late Frasnian	372.2
						Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Late Givetian		382.7
							Middle Givetian		383.7 *
							Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian	Eifelian		Southwoodian		Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian	Eifelian		Southwoodian		Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian	Siegen				Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine				Late Lochkovian		410.8
							Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Harju	Porkuni	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian							Pirgu	Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
									Pirgu	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
									Vormsi				449.6 *
									Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
								Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
									Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian							Keila				Idavere †	453
									Haljala					453.9
									Kukruse					456.4 *
									Uhaku				Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
									Lasnamagi					458.9 *
									Aseri					460.4 *
								Oeland	Kunda					462.9 *
													Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
											Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
									Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian							Volkhov	Dapingian					467.3
		Dapingian							Billingen	Dapingian					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Yiyangian					470
													Latorp †		470.1 *
									Hunneberg						473.7 *
		Tremadocian								Xinchangian					477.7
												Lianghekou †			477.9 *
									Varangu						481.3 *
									Pakerort						482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Pakerort						485.4
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10													486.3 *
																	486.5